<html lang="en"> <head> <title>BOZ literal constants - The GNU Fortran Compiler</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html"> <meta name="description" content="The GNU Fortran Compiler"> <meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13"> <link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top"> <link rel="up" href="Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran.html#Extensions-implemented-in-GNU-Fortran" title="Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran"> <link rel="prev" href="I_002fO-item-lists.html#I_002fO-item-lists" title="I/O item lists"> <link rel="next" href="_0040code_007bQ_007d-exponent_002dletter.html#g_t_0040code_007bQ_007d-exponent_002dletter" title="@code{Q} exponent-letter"> <link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage"> <!-- Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 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The syntax is: ‘<samp><span class="samp">prefix quote digits quote</span></samp>’, were the prefix is either <code>b</code>, <code>o</code> or <code>z</code>, quote is either <code>'</code> or <code>"</code> and the digits are for binary <code>0</code> or <code>1</code>, for octal between <code>0</code> and <code>7</code>, and for hexadecimal between <code>0</code> and <code>F</code>. (Example: <code>b'01011101'</code>.) <p>Up to Fortran 95, BOZ literals were only allowed to initialize integer variables in DATA statements. Since Fortran 2003 BOZ literals are also allowed as argument of <code>REAL</code>, <code>DBLE</code>, <code>INT</code> and <code>CMPLX</code>; the result is the same as if the integer BOZ literal had been converted by <code>TRANSFER</code> to, respectively, <code>real</code>, <code>double precision</code>, <code>integer</code> or <code>complex</code>. As GNU Fortran extension the intrinsic procedures <code>FLOAT</code>, <code>DFLOAT</code>, <code>COMPLEX</code> and <code>DCMPLX</code> are treated alike. <p>As an extension, GNU Fortran allows hexadecimal BOZ literal constants to be specified using the <code>X</code> prefix, in addition to the standard <code>Z</code> prefix. The BOZ literal can also be specified by adding a suffix to the string, for example, <code>Z'ABC'</code> and <code>'ABC'Z</code> are equivalent. <p>Furthermore, GNU Fortran allows using BOZ literal constants outside DATA statements and the four intrinsic functions allowed by Fortran 2003. In DATA statements, in direct assignments, where the right-hand side only contains a BOZ literal constant, and for old-style initializers of the form <code>integer i /o'0173'/</code>, the constant is transferred as if <code>TRANSFER</code> had been used; for <code>COMPLEX</code> numbers, only the real part is initialized unless <code>CMPLX</code> is used. In all other cases, the BOZ literal constant is converted to an <code>INTEGER</code> value with the largest decimal representation. This value is then converted numerically to the type and kind of the variable in question. (For instance, <code>real :: r = b'0000001' + 1</code> initializes <code>r</code> with <code>2.0</code>.) As different compilers implement the extension differently, one should be careful when doing bitwise initialization of non-integer variables. <p>Note that initializing an <code>INTEGER</code> variable with a statement such as <code>DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/</code> will give an integer overflow error rather than the desired result of -1 when <code>i</code> is a 32-bit integer on a system that supports 64-bit integers. The ‘<samp><span class="samp">-fno-range-check</span></samp>’ option can be used as a workaround for legacy code that initializes integers in this manner. </body></html>