<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <HTML> <HEAD> <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"> <META name="GENERATOR" content="hevea 1.10"> <META name="Author" content="Luc Maranget"> <LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css"> <TITLE>Cutting your document into pieces with HACHA</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY > <A HREF="manual008.html"><IMG SRC="previous_motif.gif" ALT="Previous"></A> <A HREF="manual002.html"><IMG SRC="contents_motif.gif" ALT="Up"></A> <A HREF="manual018.html"><IMG SRC="next_motif.gif" ALT="Next"></A> <HR> <H2 CLASS="section"><A NAME="htoc26">7</A>  Cutting<A NAME="hacha"></A> your document into pieces with H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A</H2><UL> <LI><A HREF="cutname.html#toc19">Simple usage</A> </LI><LI><A HREF="cutname.html#toc20">Advanced usage</A> </LI><LI><A HREF="cutname.html#toc21">More Advanced Usage</A> </LI></UL> <P> H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A outputs a single <TT>.html</TT> file. This file can be cut into pieces at various sectional units by H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A</P><H3 CLASS="subsection"><A NAME="toc19"></A><A NAME="htoc27">7.1</A>  Simple usage</H3><P> First generate your HTML document by applying H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A: </P><DIV CLASS="flushleft"> <TT># hevea </TT><EM>doc</EM><TT>.tex</TT> </DIV><P> Then cut <EM>doc</EM><TT>.html</TT> into pieces by the command: </P><DIV CLASS="flushleft"> <TT># hacha </TT><EM>doc</EM><TT>.html</TT> </DIV><P> This will generate a simple root file <TT>index.html</TT>. This root file holds document title, abstract and a simple table of contents. Every item in the table of contents contains a link to or into a file that holds a “cutting” sectional unit. By default, the cutting sectional unit is <EM>section</EM> in the <EM>article</EM> style and <EM>chapter</EM> in the <EM>book</EM> style. The name of those files are <EM>doc</EM>001<TT>.html</TT>, <EM>doc</EM>002<TT>.html</TT>, etc.</P><P>Additionally, one level of sectioning below the cutting unit (<EM>i.e.</EM> subsections in the <EM>article</EM> style and sections in the <EM>book</EM> style) is shown as an entry in the table of contents. Sectional units above the cutting section (<EM>i.e.</EM> parts in both <EM>article</EM> and <EM>book</EM> styles) close the current table of contents and open a new one. Cross-references are properly handled, that is, the local links generated by H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A are changed into remote links.</P><P>The name of the root file can be changed using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option: </P><DIV CLASS="flushleft"> <TT># hacha -o root.html </TT><EM>doc</EM><TT>.html</TT> </DIV><P>Some of H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A output get replicated in all the files generated by H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A. <A NAME="html:footer"></A>Users can supply a header and a footer, which will appear at the begining and end of every page generated by H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A. It suffices to include the following commands in the document preamble: </P><DIV CLASS="flushleft">   <CODE>\htmlhead{</CODE><I>header</I><CODE>}</CODE><BR>   <CODE>\htmlfoot{</CODE><I>footer</I><CODE>}</CODE> </DIV><P>H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A also makes every page it generates a clone of its input as regards attributes to the <CODE><BODY ...></CODE> opening tag and meta-information from the <CODE><HEAD></CODE>… <CODE><\HEAD></CODE> block. See section <A HREF="manual024.html#metadef">B.2</A> for examples of this replication feature.</P><P><A NAME="hacha:style"></A><A NAME="@default27"></A>By contrast, style information specified in the <CODE>STYLE</CODE> elements from rom the <CODE><HEAD></CODE>… <CODE><\HEAD></CODE> block is not replicated. Instead, all style definitions are collected into an external style sheet file whose name is <EM>doc</EM><TT>.css</TT>, and all generated HTML files adopt <EM>doc</EM><TT>.css</TT> as an external style sheet. It is important to notice that, since version 1.08, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A produces a <CODE>STYLE</CODE> element by itself, even if users do not explicitely use styles. As a consequence, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A normally produces a file <EM>doc</EM><TT>.css</TT>, which should not be forgotten while copying files to their final destination after a run of H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A.</P><H3 CLASS="subsection"><A NAME="toc20"></A><A NAME="htoc28">7.2</A>  Advanced usage</H3><P>H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A behavior can be altered from the document source, by using a counter and a few macros.</P><P>A document that explicitly includes cutting macros still can be typeset by L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, provided it loads the <TT>hevea.sty</TT> style file from the H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A distribution. (See section <A HREF="manual007.html#both">5</A> for details on this style file). An alternative to loading the <TT>hevea</TT> package is to put all cutting instructions in comments starting with <CODE>%HEVEA</CODE>.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.2.1  Principle</H4><P> H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A recognizes all sectional units, ordered as follows, from top to bottom: <EM>part</EM>, <EM>chapter</EM>, <EM>section</EM>, <EM>subsection</EM>, <EM>subsubsection</EM>, <EM>paragraph</EM> and <EM>subparagraph</EM>.</P><P>At any point between <CODE>\begin{document}</CODE> and <CODE>\end{document}</CODE>, there exist a current cutting sectional unit (cutting unit for short), a current cutting depth, a root file and an output file. Table of contents output goes to the root file, normal output goes to the output file. Cutting units start a new output file, whereas units comprised between the cutting unit and the cutting units plus the cutting depth add new entries in the table of contents.</P><P>At document start, the root file and the output file are H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A output file (<EM>i.e.</EM> <TT>index.html</TT>). The cutting unit and the cutting depth are set to default values that depend on the document style.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.2.2  Cutting macros</H4><P> The following cutting instructions are for use in the document preamble. They command the cutting scheme of the whole document: <A NAME="@default28"></A><A NAME="@default29"></A><A NAME="@default30"></A><A NAME="@default31"></A></P><DL CLASS="description"><DT CLASS="dt-description"> <TT><B>\cuttingunit</B></TT></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> This is a macro that holds the document cutting unit. You can change the default (which is <EM>section</EM> in the <EM>article</EM> style and <EM>chapter</EM> in the <EM>book</EM> style) by doing: <DIV CLASS="flushleft"> <CODE>\renewcommand{\cuttingunit}{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE>. </DIV> </DD><DT CLASS="dt-description"><TT><B>\tocnumber</B></TT></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> Instruct H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A to put section numbers into table of content entries. </DD><DT CLASS="dt-description"><TT><B>\notocnumber</B></TT></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> Instruct H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A <EM>not</EM> to put section numbers into table of content entries. This is the default. </DD><DT CLASS="dt-description"><TT><B>cuttingdepth</B></TT></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> This is a counter that holds the document cutting depth. You can change the default value of 1 by doing <CODE>\setcounter{cuttingdepth}{</CODE><I>numvalue</I><CODE>}</CODE>. A cutting depth of zero means no other entries than the cutting units in the table of contents. </DD></DL><P>Other cutting instructions are to be used after <CODE>\begin{document}</CODE>. They all generate HTML comments in H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A output. These comments then act as instructions to H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A. <A NAME="@default32"></A> <A NAME="@default33"></A> <A NAME="@default34"></A> </P><DL CLASS="description"><DT CLASS="dt-description"> <B><TT>\cuthere{</TT><I>secname</I><TT>}{</TT><I>itemtitle</I><TT>}</TT></B></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> Attempt a cut. <UL CLASS="itemize"><LI CLASS="li-itemize"> If <I>secname</I> is the current cutting unit or the keyword <TT>now</TT>, then a new output file is started and an entry in the current table of contents is generated, with title <I>itemtitle</I>. This entry holds a link to the new output file. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">If <I>secname</I> is above the cutting unit, then the current table of contents is closed. The output file is set to the current root file. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">If <I>secname</I> is below the cutting unit and less than the cutting depth away from it, then an entry is added in the table of contents. This entry contains <EM>itemtitle</EM> and a link to the point where <CODE>\cuthere</CODE> appears. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">Otherwise, no action is performed. </LI></UL></DD><DT CLASS="dt-description"><B><TT>\cutdef[</TT><I>depth</I><TT>]{</TT><I>secname</I><TT>}</TT></B></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> Open a new table of contents, with cutting depth <EM>depth</EM> and cutting unit <EM>secname</EM>. If the optional <EM>depth</EM> is absent, the cutting depth does not change. The output file becomes the root file. Result is unspecified if whatever <EM>secname</EM> expands to is a sectional unit name above the current cutting unit, is not a valid sectional unit name or if <EM>depth</EM> does not expand to a small positive number. </DD><DT CLASS="dt-description"><TT><B>\cutend</B></TT></DT><DD CLASS="dd-description"> End the current table of contents. This closes the scope of the previous <CODE>\cutdef</CODE>. The cutting unit and cutting depth are restored. Note that <CODE>\cutdef</CODE> and <CODE>\cutend</CODE> must be properly balanced. </DD></DL><P> Commands <CODE>\cuthere</CODE> and <CODE>\cutend</CODE> have starred variants, which behave identically except for footnotes (see <A HREF="#hachafoot">7.3.6</A>).</P><P>Default settings work as follows: <CODE>\begin{document}</CODE> performs </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\cutdef*[\value{cuttingdepth}]{\cuttingunit} </PRE><P>and <CODE>\end{document}</CODE> performs <CODE>\cutend*</CODE>. All sectioning commands perform <CODE>\cuthere</CODE>, with the sectional unit name as first argument and the (optional, if present) sectioning command argument (<EM>i.e.</EM> the section title) as second argument. Note that starred versions of the sectioning commands also perform cutting instructions.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.2.3  Table<A NAME="table:link:style"></A> of links organization</H4><P> A table of links generated by H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A is a list of links to generated files. Additionaly, some sublists may be present, up to a certain depth. The items in those sublists are links inside generated files, they point to sectional unit titles below the cutting unit, up to a certain depth.</P><P>More precisely, let <I>A</I> be a certain sectional unit (<EM>e.g.</EM> “part”), let <I>B</I> be just below <I>A</I> (<EM>e.g.</EM> “section”), and let <I>C</I> be just below <I>C</I> (<EM>e.g.</EM> “subsection”). Further assume that cutting is performed at level <I>B</I> with a depth of more than one. Then, every unit <I>A</I> holds a one or several tables of links to generated files, and each generated file normally holds a <I>B</I> unit. Sublists with links to <I>C</I> units inside <I>B</I> units normally appear in the tables of links of level <I>A</I>. The command-line options <A NAME="@default35"></A><TT>-tocbis</TT> and <A NAME="@default36"></A><TT>-tocter</TT> instruct <TT>hacha</TT> to put sublists at other places. With <TT>-tocbis</TT> sublists are duplicated at the beginning of the <I>B</I> level files; while with <TT>-tocter</TT> sublist only appear at the beginning of the <I>B</I> level files.</P><P>In my opinion, default style is approriate for documents with short <I>B</I> units; while <TT>-tocbis</TT> style is appropriate for documents with long <I>B</I> units with a few sub-units; and <TT>-tocter</TT> style is appropriate for documents with long <I>B</I> units with a lot of sub-units. As you may have noticed, this manual is cutted by following the <TT>-tocbis</TT> style.</P><P>Whatever the style is, if a <I>B</I> unit is cut (<EM>e.g.</EM> because its text is enclosed in <CODE>\cutdef{</CODE><I>C</I><CODE>}</CODE>… <CODE>\cutend</CODE>), then every <I>C</I> unit goes into its own file and there is no sublist after the relevant <I>B</I> level entry in the <I>A</I> level table of links.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.2.4  Examples</H4><P>Consider, for instance, a <EM>book</EM> document with a long chapter that you want to cut at the section level, showing subsections: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\chapter{A long chapter} ..... \chapter{The next chapter} </PRE><P><A NAME="@default37"></A><A NAME="@default38"></A> Then, you should insert a <CODE>\cutdef</CODE> at chapter start and a <CODE>\cutend</CODE> at chapter end: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\chapter{A long chapter} %HEVEA\cutdef[1]{section} ..... %HEVEA\cutend \chapter{The next chapter} </PRE><P>Then, the file that would otherwise contain the long chapter now contains the chapter title and a table of sections. No other change is needed, since the command <CODE>\section</CODE> already performs the appropriate <CODE>\cuthere{section}{...}</CODE> commands, which were ignored by default. (Also note that cutting macros are placed inside <CODE>%HEVEA</CODE> comments, for L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X not to be disturbed).</P><P><A NAME="@default39"></A> <A NAME="@default40"></A> The <CODE>\cuthere</CODE> macro can be used to put some document parts into their own file. This may prove appropriate for long cover pages or abstracts that would otherwise go into the root file. Consider the following document: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\documentclass{article} \begin{document} \begin{abstract} A big abstract \end{abstract} ... </PRE><P>Then, you make the abstract go to its own file as it was a cutting unit by typing: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\documentclass{article} \usepackage{hevea} \begin{document} \cuthere{\cuttingunit}{Abstract} \begin{abstract} A big abstract \end{abstract} ... </PRE><P>(Note that, this time, cutting macros appear unprotected in the source. However, L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X still can process the document, since the <TT>hevea</TT> package is loaded).</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.2.5  More and More Pages in Output</H4><P> <A NAME="@default41"></A><A NAME="@default42"></A>In some situations it may be appropriate to produce many pages from one source files. More specifically, loading the <TT>deepcut</TT> package will put all sectioning units of your document (from <CODE>\part</CODE> to <CODE>\subsection</CODE> in their own file.</P><P>Similarily, loading the <TT>figcut</TT> package will make all figures and tables go into their own file. The <TT>figcut</TT> package accepts two options, <TT>show</TT> and <TT>noshow</TT>. The former, which is the default, instructs H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A to repeat the caption into the main flow of text, with a link to the figure. The latter option disables the feature.</P><H3 CLASS="subsection"><A NAME="toc21"></A><A NAME="htoc29">7.3</A>  More Advanced Usage</H3><P> In this section we show how to alter some details of H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A behavior. This includes controlling output file names and the title of generated web pages and introducing arbitrary cuts.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.3.1  Controlling<A NAME="cutname"></A> output file names</H4><P><A NAME="@default43"></A>When invoked as <TT>hacha <EM>doc</EM>.html</TT>, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A produces a <TT>index.html</TT> table of links file that points into <EM>doc</EM><TT>001.html</TT>, <EM>doc</EM><TT>002.html</TT>, etc. content files. This is not very convenient when one wishes to point inside the document from outside. However, the <CODE>\cutname{</CODE><I>name</I><CODE>}</CODE> command sets the name of the current output file name as <I>name</I>.</P><P>Consider a document cut at the section level, which contains the following important section: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\section{Important\label{important} section} ... </PRE><P>To make the important section goes into file <TT>important.html</TT>, one writes: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\section{Important\label{important} section}\cutname{important.html} ... </PRE><P>Then, section “Important section” can be referenced from an H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A unaware HTML page by: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">In this document, there is a very <A HREF="important.html#important">important section</A>. </PRE><P>If you are reading the HTML version of this manual, you may check that you are now reading file <TT>cutname.html</TT>. This particular file name has been specified from the source using <CODE>\cutname{cutname.html}</CODE>. </P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.3.2  Controlling page titles</H4><P> <A NAME="@default44"></A> When H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A creates a web page from a given sectional unit, the title of this page normally is the name of the sectional unit. For instance, the title of this very page should be “Cutting your document into pieces with H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A”. It is possible to insert some text at the beginning of all page titles, by using the <CODE>\htmlprefix</CODE> command. Hence, by writing <CODE>\htmlprefix{\hevea{} Manual: }</CODE> in the document, the title of this page would become: “H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A Manual: Cutting your document into pieces with H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A” and the title of all other pages would show the same prefix.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.3.3  Links for the root file</H4><P> <A NAME="@default45"></A> The command <CODE>\toplinks{</CODE><I>prev</I><CODE>}{</CODE><I>up</I><CODE>}{</CODE><I>next</I><CODE>}</CODE> instructs H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A to put links to a “previous”, “up” and “next” page in the root file. The following points are worth noticing: </P><UL CLASS="itemize"><LI CLASS="li-itemize"> The <CODE>\toplink</CODE> command must appear in the document preamble (<EM>i.e.</EM> before <CODE>\begin{document}</CODE>). </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">The arguments <I>prev</I>, <I>up</I> and <I>next</I> should expand to urls, notice that these argument are processed (see section <A HREF="manual018.html#urlareprocessed">8.1.1</A>). </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">When one of the expected argument is left empty, the corresponding link is not generated. </LI></UL><P> This feature can prove useful to relate documents that are generated independantly by H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>V<FONT SIZE=2><sup>E</sup></FONT>A and H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.3.4  Controling link aspect from the document</H4><P> <A NAME="@default46"></A>By default the links to the previous, up and next pages show a small icon (an appropriate arrow). This can be changed with the command <CODE>\setlinkstext{</CODE><I>prev</I><CODE>}{</CODE><I>up</I><CODE>}{</CODE><I>next</I><CODE>}</CODE>, where <I>prev</I>, <I>up</I> and <I>next</I> are some L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X source. <A NAME="@default47"></A> For instance the default behavior is equivalent to: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\setlinkstext {\imgsrc[ALT="Previous"]{previous_motif.gif}} {\imgsrc[ALT="Up"]{contents_motif.gif}} {\imgsrc[ALT="Next"]{next_motif.gif}} </PRE><P>Command <CODE>\setlinkstext</CODE> behaves as <CODE>\toplinks</CODE> does. That is, it must occur in document preamble, arguments are processed and empty arguments yield no effect (<EM>i.e.</EM> defaults apply).</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.3.5  Cutting a document anywhere</H4><P> <A NAME="@default48"></A> Part of a document goes to a separate file when enclosed in a <CODE>cutflow</CODE> environment: </P><DIV CLASS="flushleft"> <CODE>\begin{cutflow}{</CODE><I>title</I><CODE>}</CODE>…<CODE>\end{cutflow}</CODE> </DIV><P>The content “…” will go into a file of its own, while the argument <I>title</I> is used as the title of the introduced HTML page.</P><P>The HTML page introduced here does not belong to the normal flow of text. Consequently, one needs an explicit reference from the normal flow of text into the content of the <CODE>cutflow</CODE> environment. This will occur naturally when the content of the <CODE>cutflow</CODE> environment. contains a <CODE>\label</CODE> construct. This look natural in the following quiz example: </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\paragraph{A small quiz} \begin{enumerate} \item What is black? \item What is white? \item What is Dylan? \end{enumerate} Answers in section~\ref{answers}. \begin{cutflow}{Answers} \paragraph{Quiz answers}\label{answers} \begin{enumerate} \item Black is black. \item White is white. \item Dylan is Dylan. \end{enumerate} \end{cutflow} </PRE><P>The example yields: </P><H5 CLASS="paragraph">A small quiz</H5><OL CLASS="enumerate" type=1><LI CLASS="li-enumerate"> What is black? </LI><LI CLASS="li-enumerate">What is white? </LI><LI CLASS="li-enumerate">What is Dylan? </LI></OL><P> Answers in section <A HREF="manual010.html#answers">7.3.5</A>. </P><P> <A NAME="@default49"></A><A NAME="@default50"></A> However,introducing HTML hyperlink targets and references with the <CODE>\aname</CODE> and <CODE>\ahrefloc</CODE> commands (see section <A HREF="manual018.html#hyperlink">8.1.1</A>) will be more practical most of the time.</P><P><A NAME="@default51"></A>The starred variant environment <CODE>cutflow*</CODE> is the same as <CODE>cutflow</CODE>, save for the HTML header and footer (see Section <A HREF="#html:footer">7.1</A>) which are not replicated in the introduced page.</P><H4 CLASS="subsubsection">7.3.6  Footnotes<A NAME="hachafoot"></A></H4><P> <A NAME="@default52"></A><A NAME="@default53"></A>Footnote texts (given as arguments either to <CODE>\footnote</CODE> or <CODE>\footnotetext</CODE>) do not go directly to output. Instead, footnote texts accumulate internally in a <EM>buffer</EM>, awaiting to be flushed. The flushing of notes is controled by the means of a current <EM>flushing unit</EM>, which is a sectional unit name or <I>document</I> — a fictional unit above all units. At any point, the current flushing unit is the value of the command <CODE>\@footnotelevel</CODE><A NAME="@default54"></A>. In practice, the flushing of footnote texts is performed by two commands: </P><UL CLASS="itemize"><LI CLASS="li-itemize"> <CODE>\flushdef{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE> simply sets the flushing unit to <I>secname</I>. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize"><CODE>\footnoteflush{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE> acts as follows: <UL CLASS="itemize"><LI CLASS="li-itemize"> If argument <I>secname</I> is equal to or above the current flushing unit, then footnote texts are flushed (if any). In the output, the texts themselves are surrounded by special comments that tag them as footnote texts and record <I>secname</I>. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">Otherwise, no action is performed. </LI></UL> </LI></UL><P> The <EM>article</EM> style file performs <CODE>\flushdef{document}</CODE>, while the <EM>book</EM> style file performs <CODE>\flushdef{chapter}</CODE>. At the end of processing, <CODE>\end{document}</CODE> performs <CODE>\footnoteflush{\@footnotelevel}</CODE>, so as to flush any pending notes.</P><P>Cutting commands interact with footnote flushing as follows: </P><UL CLASS="itemize"><LI CLASS="li-itemize"> <CODE>\cuthere{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE> executes <CODE>\footnoteflush{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE>. Remember that all sectioning commands perform <CODE>\cuthere</CODE> with their sectional unit name as argument. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize"><CODE>\cutdef{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE> saves the current flushing unit and buffer on some internal stack, starts a new buffer for footnote texts, and sets the current flushing unit to <I>secname</I> (by performing <CODE>\flushdef{</CODE><I>secname</I><CODE>}</CODE>). </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize"><CODE>\cutend</CODE> first flushes any pending texts (by performing <CODE>\footnoteflush</CODE> with the current flushing unit as argument), and restores the flushing unit and footnote text buffer saved by the matching <CODE>\cutdef</CODE>. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">The starred variants <CODE>\cutdef*</CODE> and <CODE>\cutend*</CODE> perform no operation that is related to footnotes. </LI></UL><P>Later, when running accross footnote texts in its input file, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A sometimes put notes in a separate file. More precisely, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A has knowledge of the current <EM>cutting level</EM>, the current sectional unit where cuts occur — as given by the relevant <CODE>\cutdef</CODE>. Moreover, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A knows the current <EM>section level</EM> — that is, the last sectional command processed. Besides, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A extracts the <EM>note level</EM> from the comments that surround the notes (as given by the command <CODE>\footnoteflush</CODE> that produced the notes). Then, H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A creates a separate file for notes when the cutting level and the note level differ, or when the current level is above the cutting level (<EM>e.g.</EM> the current level is <TT>document</TT> while the cutting level is <TT>chapter</TT>). As a result, notes should stay where they are when they occur at the end of H<FONT SIZE=2><sup>A</sup></FONT>C<FONT SIZE=2><sup>H</sup></FONT>A output file and otherwise go to a separate file.</P><P>To make a complicated story even more complicated, footnotes in <TT>minipage</TT> environments or in the arguments to <CODE>\title</CODE> or <CODE>\author</CODE> have a different, I guess satisfactory, behavior.</P><P>Given the above description, footnotes are manages by default as follows. </P><UL CLASS="itemize"><LI CLASS="li-itemize"> In style <EM>article</EM>, <TT>hevea</TT> puts all footnotes go at the end of the HTML file. A later run of <TT>hacha</TT> creates a separate footnote file. </LI><LI CLASS="li-itemize">In style <EM>book</EM>, footnotes are collected at the end of chapters. A later run of  <TT>hacha</TT> leaves them where they are. Footnotes in the title or author names are managed specially, they will normally appear at the end of the root file. </LI></UL><P> <A NAME="@default55"></A>In case you wish to adopt a <EM>book</EM>-like behavior for an <EM>article</EM> (footnotes at the end of sections), it suffices to insert <CODE>\flushdef{section}</CODE> in the document preamble.</P><P>We now give a few example of interaction between notes and cutting. We first consider normal behavior. The page you are reading is a section page, since the current cutting unit is “section”. The current unit is “subsection”. The following two subsubsections are sent to their own files by the means of a <CODE>\cutdef{subsubsection}</CODE>/<CODE>\cutend</CODE> pair. As a result the text of footnotes appear at the end of the subsubsection pages. </P><UL> <LI><A HREF="manual011.html">A cutted subsubsection</A> </LI><LI><A HREF="manual012.html">Another cutted subsubsection</A> </LI></UL> <P>The following two subsubsections are sent to their own files by the means of a <CODE>\cutdef*{subsubsection}</CODE>/<CODE>\cutend*</CODE> pair. As a result, the text of footnotes in the subsections appear at the end of the current section page.<SUP><A NAME="text4" HREF="#note4">3</A></SUP> </P><UL> <LI><A HREF="manual013.html">A cutted subsubsection</A> </LI><LI><A HREF="manual014.html">Another cutted subsubsection</A> </LI></UL> <P>Finally, to send the footnotes in subsubsections to a separate web page, one should use a <CODE>\cutdef{subsubsection}</CODE>/<CODE>\cutend</CODE> pair (to create a proper buffer for subsubsection notes), redefine the flushing unit, and flush notes explicitely. </P><PRE CLASS="verbatim">\cutdef{subsubsection}\flushdef{document}% \subsubsection{...} ... \footnoteflush{document}\cutend </PRE><UL> <LI><A HREF="manual015.html">A cutted subsubsection</A> </LI><LI><A HREF="manual016.html">Another cutted subsubsection</A> </LI></UL> <HR CLASS="ffootnoterule"><DL CLASS="thefootnotes"><DT CLASS="dt-thefootnotes"> <A NAME="note4" HREF="#text4">3</A></DT><DD CLASS="dd-thefootnotes">Standard section footnote. </DD><DT CLASS="dt-thefootnotes"><A NAME="note5" HREF="manual013.html#text5">4</A></DT><DD CLASS="dd-thefootnotes">Sent at the end of <TT>cutname.html</TT> </DD><DT CLASS="dt-thefootnotes"><A NAME="note6" HREF="manual014.html#text6">5</A></DT><DD CLASS="dd-thefootnotes">Sent at the end of <TT>cutname.html</TT> </DD></DL> <HR> <A HREF="manual008.html"><IMG SRC="previous_motif.gif" ALT="Previous"></A> <A HREF="manual002.html"><IMG SRC="contents_motif.gif" ALT="Up"></A> <A HREF="manual018.html"><IMG SRC="next_motif.gif" ALT="Next"></A> </BODY> </HTML>