Linux DVD HOWTO
http://www.linuxvideo.org/
v1.25, 2000-10-17
A (hopefully) easy to follow explanation on how to get DVD movie play
back in Linux.
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Goal
1.2 New Versions
1.3 Copyrights and Trademarks
1.4 Thanks
1.5 Translations
2. Requirements
3. Files
4. Installation
4.1 Kernel
4.2 LiViD Utilities
5. Playing
6. Additional Stuff
6.1 Setting up MTRR's
7. Problems
7.1 Run time errors
7.1.1 Illegal Instruction Error
7.2 Compilation errors
7.2.1 `dvd_struct' undeclared...
7.2.2 Can't determine absolute dir of '../../../../src/plugin/codec/mpeg2dec/.libs'
7.2.3 Can't find libXv.so or libXxf86dga.so
7.2.4 Failure via segfault for no apparent reason
7.3 Broken stuff
7.4 Other errors
8. To Do
______________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
1.1. Goal
The purpose of this is to provide step by step instructions on getting
DVD movies to play in Linux. I will try to be as clear as possible,
but if something is confusing or incorrect, please tell me about it
and I'll fix it. If you have any questions, you can subscribe to the
livid-user mailing list by sending a blank email to livid-user-
subscribe@linuxvideo.org <mailto:livid-user-subscribe@linuxvideo.org>.
1.2. New Versions
This howto is available in many formats, including html and tex. The
newest version can always be retrieved from
http://www.linuxvideo.org/docs/Linux-DVD-HOWTO/
<http://www.linuxvideo.org/docs/Linux-DVD-HOWTO/>. It is highly
recommended that you get the most recent version, as this howto is
being updated quite often.
1.3. Copyrights and Trademarks
This manual may be reproduced in whole or in part, without fee,
subject to the following restrictions:
· The copyright notice above and this permission notice must be
preserved complete on all complete or partial copies.
· Any translation or derived work must be approved by the author in
writing before distribution.
· If you distribute this work in part, instructions for obtaining the
complete version of this manual must be included, and a means for
obtaining a complete version provided.
· Small portions may be reproduced as illustrations for reviews or
quotes in other works without this permission notice if proper
citation is given.
Exceptions to these rules may be granted for acedemic purposes: Write
to the author and ask. These restrictions are here to protect us as
authors, not to restrict you as learners and educators. Any souce code
(aside from the SGML this document was written in) in this document is
placed under the GNU General Public License, available via anonymous
FTP from the GNU archive <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/GNU/COPYING>.
1.4. Thanks
Thanks to Nathan Rowlan nkr@helo.org <mailto:nkr@helo.org> for
starting and maintaining this document in the early days. It has now
been taken over by the LiViD support team.
Thanks to the authors of OMS and the rest of the LiViD developers, who
have given the project much of their time and work, and also to those
individuals who have given feedback to make this HOWTO better.
Much of the layout of this HOWTO was gotten from the HOWTO-HOWTO,
written by Mark F. Komarinski. It can be found at
http://www.linuxdoc.org/ <http://www.linuxdoc.org/>.
1.5. Translations
Translations of this document can be found at
http://www.linuxvideo.org/docs/Linux-DVD-HOWTO/
<http://www.linuxvideo.org/docs/Linux-DVD-HOWTO/>. If you would like
to translate this howto, please contact the LiViD development mailing
list.
2. Requirements
This HOWTO assumes you have:
· Linux kernel v2.2.x or greater. A kernel with DVD ioctls is
prefered.
· XFree86 3.3.X or 4.x
· A DVD-ROM/RAM/RW drive supported in Linux (most are)
· A decent knowledge of bash and english
3. Files
First things first, you need to get a kernel with MTRR (more on this
later) and DVD ioctl support. While MTRR's have been in the kernel
since 2.2.11 (correct me if I'm wrong), you will probably need to
update your kernel to get DVD ioctls. There are two ways to skin this
cat, you can either download a development kernel (v2.3.x), or patch a
stable release kernel (v2.2.x), the patches are at
http://www.kernel.dk/ <http://www.kernel.dk/>, and the kernel can be
found on your favorite mirror of ftp://ftp.kernel.org/
<ftp://ftp.kernel.org>.
Next, you need to get the LiViD utilities. This can be done two ways:
· Get the LiViD utilities from CVS, so you can update it as it is
being updated by the developers. (recommended)
The following commands will retrieve them (you can use -d parameter
instead of setting CVSROOT if you want):
# mkdir ~/livid
# cd ~/livid
# export CVSROOT=:pserver:anonymous@cvs.linuxvideo.org:/cvs/livid
# cvs login
(Logging in to anonymous@cvs.linuxvideo.org)
CVS password:
There is no password for anonymous, just press enter.
# cvs -z3 co -P ac3dec mpeg2dec oms
They should download into their respective directories.
· If you don't like CVS or can't access it due to firewall issues,
you can download the most recent nightly tarball of LiViD tools at
http://www.linuxvideo.org/developer/dl.phtml
<http://www.linuxvideo.org/developer/dl.phtml>
4. Installation
4.1. Kernel
Kernels at least as recent as 2.2.16 or 2.4 series should already have
DVD ioctl support, so you just need to make sure you have MTRR support
enabled in the kernel configuration, and then compile and install it
as you normally would.
If you want to patch your exisiting older kernel, start by going to
http://www.kernel.dk/ <http://www.kernel.dk/> and downloading the
correct patch for your kernel.
If don't know how to install or patch your kernel, you should go read
the Kernel HOWTO at http://howto.tucows.com/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-
HOWTO.html <http://howto.tucows.com/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html>
4.2. LiViD Utilities
To install the LiViD utilities, you need to make sure you have
/usr/local/lib somewhere in /etc/ld.so.conf.
DVD playback only requires OMS to be built. It builds ac3 and mpeg2
codecs by itself. However, feel free to play with the standalone
codecs if you wish. The following commands should compile and install
the LiViD utilities on your system. If you have problems, please see
the "Problems" section.
ac3dec: (optional)
# cd ~/livid/ac3dec
# ./autogen.sh
# make
# make install
mpeg2dec: (optional)
# cd ~/livid/mpeg2dec
# ./autogen.sh
# make
# make install
oms:
# cd ~/livid/oms
# ./autogen.sh
# ./configure
# make
# make install
There are some extra options that can be used. They are placed as
arguments to the ./configure script. OMS has --enable-devel which will
enable some development and experimental features in the code.
Standard autoconf parameters such as --prefix can be used if you wish
to install somehwere other than /usr/local. For instance to install
in a subdir of the source dir you could do:
# ./configure --prefix=`pwd`/inst
Run ./configure --help to get a complete listing of options. If you
install X in an odd location (for instance you have XFree86 3.3.x and
4.x installed at the same time) you may need the --x-includes and --x-
libraries options.
Now the necessary LiViD utilities should be installed. The next
section is not required, but if you use the "pipes" plugin, you will
need to make some special fifo pipes for the DVD data to travel over.
These can be made with the following commands (if they don't already
exist):
# mkfifo /tmp/video
# mkfifo /tmp/audio
Another method of controlling the data available in the oms_devel
version is to use raw I/O, which is available in the latest linux
kernels. If you don't have these, data will be read from the standard
device. Using raw I/O is recommended, but not necessary. If they do
not exist, create two devices as follows:
# mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0
# mknod /dev/raw1 c 162 1
One last thing to do. OMS needs /dev/dvd to be a symlink to where your
DVD drive resides, such as /dev/hdb1 or /dev/scd0. If it is at
/dev/cdrom, you would create the link by typing:
# ln -s /dev/cdrom /dev/dvd
It is generally a good idea not to make a symlink to a symlink,
because it adds unnecessary I/O. Replace /dev/cdrom with the correct
device that your dvd drive is on.
5. Playing
First you need a config file. Copy doc/config.sample from oms source
directory to .oms/config in your home directory. Edit the values to
reflect the drivers, skin, device, etc you want to use.
Expect lots of text to scroll by. This is still development code. If
you see lots of text, but no video window you may have a mistake in
your config file. Check to make sure you are using the right plugins
and devices.
To play a DVD, you need to be running X in 16-bit color mode. With the
DVD in the drive, type:
# oms
There is a pipe method available in older OMS versions that uses the
fifo's created earlier. Most people can ignore this. To use pipes
type:
# ac3dec /tmp/audio& mpeg2dec /tmp/video& oms
ac3dec and mpeg2dec may need to be killed by hand using this method.
If all has gone well, some text should fly by, followed by it asking
you if you want it to look up the name of the disk in the DVDDB. It
is safe to say yes. Then, the oms panel should pop up. Click the
playlist button, then the scan dvd button, then play.
6. Additional Stuff
6.1. Setting up MTRR's
** Note to Matrox video card owners **
If you have matroxfb compiled into the kernel,
chances are that your MTRR's are already set
up. You can probably just skip this section.
Setting up your MTRR's can increase video performance quite a bit in
some cases, so it is a good idea to do it. First, you need to make
sure you have MTRR support in your kernel by typing:
# ls /proc/mtrr
If it tells you that there is no such thing as /proc/mtrr, you need to
recompile your kernel with MTRR support (it is under "Processor type
and features" in menuconfig).
Once you know MTRR is working, you need to know the base memory
address of your video card, and how much video ram it has. The
easiest way to do this is to look at the output of X as it starts up.
Because the output usually scrolls off the screen and is lost when it
switches to a different tty, you need to redirect the output of X to a
file (xoutput) so you can go back and look at it to get the needed
values. This can be done by typing:
# startx 2> xoutput
The line having the needed information is probably somewhere towards
the middle of xoutput, and should look something like:
(--) SVGA: PCI: NVidia Riva TNT2 rev 17, Memory @ 0xee000000, 0xe2000000
Once you have located that, write down the last memory address, in
this case 0xe2000000. Depending on your hardware, you may or may not
have multiple memory addresses shown, so don't worry if yours looks a
little different. With this information recorded, you can delete
xoutput.
Next you need to create a new MTRR. In order to do that, you have know
how much ram your video card has in hex. Here are some common values:
4MB -- 0x400000
8MB -- 0x800000
16MB -- 0x1000000
32MB -- 0x2000000
To add the MTRR, type:
# echo "base=0xe2000000 size=0x2000000 type=write-combining" >| /proc/mtrr
Substituting "0xe2000000" and "0x2000000" with the base address and
amount of video ram specific to your system.
Now you should have MTRR set up, and just to make sure, type:
# cat /proc/mtrr
And you should get output that looks remotely similar to:
reg00: base=0x00000000 ( 0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
reg01: base=0xe2000000 (3616MB), size= 32MB: write-combining, count=1
Again, the number of entries will probably be different from these,
don't sweat it.
7. Problems
7.1. Run time errors
This is a (small) list of known run-time errors.
7.1.1. Illegal Instruction Error
If you use a non-Intel chip (K6 especially), and you are getting this
error when you try to run mpeg2video, try editing nist/configure.in,
lines 129 and 130:
CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -DHAVE_MMX -DLINUX -march=i686 -fschedule-insns2 -malign-doub
CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS -DHAVE_MMX -DLINUX -march=i686 -fschedule-insns2 -malign-
replace "-march=i686" in both with "-march=i586", and then recompile
and reinstall.
7.2. Compilation errors
This is a running list of common compilation errors that have known
fixes.
7.2.1. `dvd_struct' undeclared...
The most frequent problem people have when trying to compile these
utilities stems from oms looking in the wrong place for the kernel
headers. By default, it uses /usr/include/[linux|asm], but those
headers are from a stable kernel so that when you compile a normal
program, it will be using older headers. OMS needs to use headers with
dvd ioctl support. If things are set up wrong many things are
undeclared and compilation fails. The best way to fix this is to use
the configure option --with-kernel-headers=(path to headers). Another
way is to adjust which headers are in the default location.
These commands should do it:
# mkdir /usr/include/old
# mv /usr/include/linux /usr/include/old/linux
# mv /usr/include/asm /usr/include/old/asm
# mv /usr/include/scsi /usr/include/old/scsi
# ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux /usr/include/linux
# ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/scsi /usr/include/scsi
# ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm /usr/include/asm
7.2.2. Can't determine absolute dir of '../../../../src/plu
gin/codec/mpeg2dec/.libs'
Another common error is with the oms/src/plugin/codec/mpeg2dec/.libs
directory. For some reason or another, this directory does not exist,
and it needs to for compilation. To fix it, just make the directory:
# mkdir src/plugin/codec/mpeg2dec/.libs
7.2.3. Can't find libXv.so or libXxf86dga.so
Xfree86 4.x doesn't build shared libs for Xv and Xxf86dga. However,
the shared lib setup OMS uses needs them. Build them as follows in
your favorite lib dir:
# ld --whole-archive -shared -o libXv.so libXv.a
# ld --whole-archive -shared -o libXxf86dga.so libXxf86dga.a
7.2.4. Failure via segfault for no apparent reason
Sometime you have old libraries laying around that are used by
mistake. This will cause unwanted behavior such as crashing. Get rid
of old libraries from /usr/local/lib or wherever you put them and
things should work.
7.3. Broken stuff
Features that don't currently work as intended:
· The chapter seek buttons may fail.
· The play/pause/stop buttons may fail to work.
· Audio/video may skip or sound "choppy". This is due to proper
syncronization and framedropping not being implemented yet.
7.4. Other errors
If your problem isn't listed here, then likely the current CVS code
has a bug in it or is missing a feature. You can either hope it will
be fixed and update CVS every so often or subscribe to the mailing
lists and report the bug or request a feature. To subscribe send a
blank email to livid-user-subscribe@linuxvideo.org <mailto:livid-user-
subscribe@linuxvideo.org>.
8. To Do
· Makefile options (HAVE_MMX, HAVE_3DNOW, etc)
· proper architecture detection (compile time and runtime)
· add easy MTRR stuff (framebuffer)
· add need for region coding to be set on most drives:
www.linuxtv.org/dvd
