Latvian HOWTO
Artis Trops <mailto:hornet@navigators.lv>
v1.5, 2002-06-19
Ðî dokumenta mçríis ir kopîgiem spçkiem iegût latvieðu valodas atbal
stu operâciju sistçmâ Linux. Note to English readers: The aim of this
document is to describe GNU/Linux localization issues specific for
Latvian users.
______________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
1. Priekðvârds
2. Xlogi (Xwindow)
2.1 Nepiecieðamie faili
2.2 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
2.3 Fonti
3. Konsole
3.1 Nepiecieðamie faili
3.2 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
3.3 Latvieðu valoda kâ noklusçtâ konsoles valoda
3.4 Daþu programmu pielâgoðana darbam latvieðu valodâ
4. Netscape
4.1 Nepiecieðamie faili
4.2 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
5. NLS
5.1 Latvieðu lokâles
5.2 Failu nosaukumi
6. GNOME & KDE
6.1 GNOME
6.1.1 Liekam visu savâs vietâs
6.2 KDE
6.2.1 Îsa instrukcija problçmu novçrðanai
7. GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence
8. GNU Free Documentation License
______________________________________________________________________
Copyright (c) 2001 Artis Trops.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Section being "Priekðvârds", with no
Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
Autortiesîbas (c) 2001 Artis Trops.
Tiek dota atïauja kopçt, izplatît un/vai modificçt ðo dokumentu saskaòâ
ar GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licences, Versijas 1.1 vai jebkuras vçlâkas
versijas, kuru publicçjis Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds, nosacîjumiem;
ar Bezvariantu Paragrâfu "Priekðvârds", bez Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem
un bez Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstiem.
Licences kopija ir iekïauta paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "GNU
Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence".
1. Priekðvârds
Katrs Linux lietotâjs Latvijâ ir saskâries ar sekojoðu problçmu: mûsu
iecienîtajai operâciju sistçmai nav latvieðu valodas.. Arî
informâcijas par to, kâ Linuxam iemâcît runât ar mums latviski, ir vai
nu ïoti maz, vai arî, ja kaut ko tomçr izdodas sameklçt, tâ ir
lietotâjiem grûti saprotama, un ar latviskoðanas realizçðanu sâkas
problçmas. Ðo problçmu tad arî kopâ centîsimies risinât.
Ðis Latvian-HOWTO ir tapis sadarbîbâ ar LL10NT (Latvian Localization
Team) <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt>, tâpçc, ja rodas kâdas problçmas
vai jautâjumi sakarâ ar Linux latviskoðanas lietâm, griezieties pçc
palîdzîbas LL10NT forumâ vai arî IRCnet kanâlâ #ll10nt. Savu iespçju
robeþâs centîsimies rast risinâjumu. Protams, visi mîïi aicinâti arî
piebiedroties LL10NT komandai un darboties tâ, lai latvieðu valodas
atbalstu Linux operâciju sistçmâ padarîtu vçl plaðâku un labâku.
Gribçtu vçl piebilst un atgâdinât, ka ðis Latvian-HOWTO ne tuvu nav
perfekts un pabeigts, tâpçc vçlos, lai jûs ziòotu, ja atrodiet ðeit
kâdu kïûdu. Neturiet arî sveci zem pûra, ja ziniet, kâ latviskoðanu
Linuxâ varçtu padarît vçl efektîvâku un çrtâku.
Tâ kâ mums visiem ne seviðíi patîk lasît garus un apnicîgus tekstus
par tçmu, kuru var pateikt pâris vârdos, pie tam visu vienmçr gribas
âtri un uzreiz, centîðos ðo Latvian-HOWTO saglabât iespçjami îsâku un
skaidrâku ar mçríi, lai jûs maksimâli îsâ laikâ varçtu strâdât Linuxâ,
lietojot latvieðu valodu. Saturu mçìinâðu izklâstît viegli saprotamâ
valodâ, lai pçc iespçjas padarîtu visai sareþìîto latviskoðanas
procedûru vienkârðâku un saprotamâku katram.
Pats gan es dotajâ brîdî lietoju Linux Mandrake. Ceru, ka ðeit
aprakstîtie padomi strâdâs bez problçmâm arî citos distributîvos.
Katrâ ziòâ par savu latviskoðanas pieredzi (labu vai sliktu) darbâ ar
citâm Linux distribûcijâm ziòojiet.
Latvian-HOWTO jaunâkâ versija atrodama http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt
<http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt>.
Pateicos visiem tiem, kuri ar savâm idejâm, kritiku un atbalstu ir
devuði ieguldîjumu gan ðî dokumenta pilnveidç, gan arî latvieðu
valodas atbalstam atvçrtâ un brîvâ koda programmatûrâs.
Bet.. kâ Andris Maiziks aka Andzha ir teicis - neaizmirstiet, ka
datori ir eksperimentâla zinâtne..
Tâtad - ieteikumi, labojumi un papildinâjumi laipni gaidîti... un uz
priekðu!
2. Xlogi (Xwindow)
2.1. Nepiecieðamie faili
Lai realizçtu latvieðu valodas atbalstu X11 vidç, jums bûs
nepiecieðami sekojoðie faili:
· lv (ja vçlaties rakstît ar labo Alt taustiòu)
· lva (ja vçlaties rakstît ar apastrofa ' taustiòu)
· lvt (ja vçlaties rakstît ar tildes ~ taustiòu)
· Compose
Tie atrodami ðeit: X-files.tar.gz
<http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/Latvian-HOWTO/files/X-files.tar.gz>
2.2. Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Tagad, kad vajadzîgie faili ir iegûti, nepiecieðams tos salikt îstajâs
vietâs.
Piezîme: Ja lietojat kâdu no pçdçjâm XFree86 versijâm (sâkot ar
4.1.0), jûs jau varat latviski rakstît bez jebkâdas papildus failu
modificçðanas, specifisko rakstzîmju iegûðanai izmanotojot labo Alt -
lai ðo iespçju aktivizçtu, izpildâm komandu setxkbdmap lv.
Izvçlamies sev pieòemamâko speicâlâs rakstzîmes iegûðanas veidu un
kopçjam attiecîgo failu norâdîtajâ direktorijâ, piemçram:
# cp lv /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/
Domâju, ka bûtu lieki atgâdinât, ka, lai veiktu nepiecieðamâs
darbîbas, ir jâbût root tiesîbâm.
Lai aktivizçtu mçmâ taustiòa pareizu darbîbu, attiecîgajâ vietâ
kopçjam failu Compose. Taèu ðeit ir viena nianse. Ja savu Linuxu esiet
instalçjuði izmantojot anglisko saskarni, tad visticamâk, ka lokâles
ir pçc noklusçjuma ieslçgtas iso8859-1 reþîmâ. Taèu, ja instalçjât tâ,
ka instalâcijas process notika latvieðu valodâ, kâ to darîju es, tad
lokâles pçc noklusçjuma jau pareizi ir ieslçgtas iso8859-13 reþîmâ.
Izejot no jûsu konkrçtâs situâcijas tad arî tur kopçjam failu Compose.
Ja ne nieka no augstâkminçtâ nesapratât, tad labâk iekopçjiet Compose
abos lokâles variantos - droðs paliek nedroðs - un gan jau nekas
slikts nenotiks.. ;->
# cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1/
# cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-13/
Kad tas ir izdarîts, izpildâm jau iepriekðminçto komandu setxkbmap lv
(lv vietâ var bût arî lva vai lvt - atkarîbâ no jûsu izvçles) un
mçìinâm kaut ko uzrakstît latviski.
Ja tests ir izdevies, tad jûs noteikti vçlçsieties saglabât latvieðu
valodu Xwindow sistçmâ un padarît to pieejamu un izmantojamu arî pçc
datora vai Xu pârstartçðanas, tâpçc papildus ir jâmodificç
/etc/X11/XF86Config-4 fails (ja lietojam XFree86 4.x.x) tâ, lai iegûtu
Option "XkbLayout" "lv". Piemçrs:
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard1"
Driver "Keyboard"
Option "AutoRepeat" "250 30"
Option "XkbRules" "xfree86"
Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
Option "XkbLayout" "lv"
EndSection
Piezîme: Ja lietojat XFree86 3.x.x versiju, tâ kâ primâro izmantos
failu /etc/X11/XF86Config. Piemçrs:
Section "Keyboard"
Protocol "Standard"
XkbKeycodes "xfree86"
XkbTypes "default"
XkbCompat "default"
XkbSymbols "us(pc105)"
XkbGeometry "pc"
XkbRules "xfree86"
XkbModel "pc105"
XkbLayout "lv"
EndSection
2.3. Fonti
No ðî brîþa latvieðu teksta ievades sistçmai vajadzçtu strâdât, taèu,
lai gaidîtais rezultâts tiktu atbilstoði attçlots arî uz ekrâna, ir
nepiecieðami fonti, kuri atbalsta iso8859-13 kodçjumu vai Unicode.
Linuxâ iespçjams arî strâdât ar True Type fontiem. Detalizçtâka
informâcija rodama Font-HOWTO vai vçl konkrçtâk TrueType Fonts with
XFree86 4.0.x mini-HOWTO. Pagaidâm ðajâ dokumentâ fontu instalâcija
aprakstîta netiks, jo uz doto brîdi tas ir ârpus Latvian-HOWTO
uzdevuniem un mçríiem. Iespçjams, ka nâkotnç tiks iekïauts arî îsais
eksperimentâlais kurss fontu instalçðanâ.
3. Konsole
Pirms pievçrðamies konsoles latviskoðanai, gribçtu piezimçt, ka
konsole nav terminâlis X logos.. Konsoli iegûstam, piespieþot
Ctrl+Alt+Fn, kur Fn - kâds no funkciju taustiòiem.
3.1. Nepiecieðamie faili
Ïoti iespçjams, ka visi minimâli nepiecieðamie faili konsoles
latviskoðanai jau atrodas jûsu datorâ
(/usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/lv-latin7.kmap.gz un
/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/tlat7.psf.gz vai lat7-14.psf.gz) un neko
papildus kopçt nav nepiecieðams. Ja jums to nav, tad noderçs ðî failu
pakotne:
· konsole-files.tar.gz <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/Latvian-
HOWTO/files/konsole-files.tar.gz>
3.2. Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Pieòemot, ka izmantojam piedâvâto failu pakotni, izpildâm:
# cp lv-latin7.kmap.gz /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/
# cp lv.psf.gz /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/
Tagad jaunâs iespçjas ir nepiecieðams aktivizçt, tâpçc izpildâm:
$ consolechars -f lv -m straight-to-font
$ loadkeys lv-latin7
Piezîme: Tie, kuri izmanto jau esoðos failus, pie consolechars nomaina
lv uz savu fontu, tâ vietâ rakstot, teiksim, lat7-14. Taèu es tomçr
ieteiktu lietot fontu lv, jo tas labâk izskatâs tâdâs programmâs, kâ
mc un citâs.
Tagad varam mçìinât veikt nelielu pârbaudi, lai redzçtu, vai latvieðu
valoda strâdâ konsoles reþîmâ. Specifiskos latvieðu valodas simbolus
iegûstam, lietojot AltGr (labo Alt taustiòu) kopâ ar nepiecieðamo
rakstu zîmi.
Lai katru reizi nebûtu jâizpilda consolechars un loadkeys, varam
izveidot augstâkminçto komandu saturoðu miniskriptu lvkonsole un pçc
tam, lai to palaiþot viegli atrastu:
# cp lvkonsole /usr/local/bin
3.3. Latvieðu valoda kâ noklusçtâ konsoles valoda
Uzmanîbu! Zemâkaprakstîtais variants nestrâdâ perfekti, kaut arî
îstais fonts un tastatûras karte ielâdçjas pareizi, specifiskâs
rakstzîmes neattçlojas pareizi. Nepiecieðama --acm straight-to-font
opcijas aktivizçðana. Ja kâds ir panâcis nevainojamu latvieðu
rakstîbas darbîbu konsolç arî pçc datora pârstartçðanas, ziòojiet.
Bûtu ïoti neçrti katru reizi, kad vien mums ir nepiecieðama latvieðu
valoda konsoles reþîmâ, izpildît lvkonsole. Lai konsolç varçtu vienmçr
rakstît latvieðu valodâ, nepiecieðams izdarît nelielas izmaiòas
sistçmas konfigurâcijas failos.
Tâpçc rediìçjam failu /etc/sysconfig/i18n tâ, lai sanâk
SYSFONT=lv
Un attiecîgi failu /etc/sysconfig/keyboard, lai iegûtu, ka
KEYTABLE=lv-latin7
Rezultâtâ latvieðu valodas atbalsts arî konsolç ir realizçts.
3.4. Daþu programmu pielâgoðana darbam latvieðu valodâ
Ðajâ nodaïâ tiks sniegta informâcija, kâ jâizmaina daþu
lietojumprogrammu konfigurâcijas faili, lai tâs darbotos pienâcîgi
latvieðu valodas reþîmâ. Piezîme - pats gan neesmu lielu daïu
zemâkaprakstîto darbîbu veicis, tâ kâ... :-> ja darbojas vai
nedarbojas, vai jums ir padomâ vçl kâdas lietderîgas programmu
konfigurâcijas failu izmaiòas, kuras bûtu nepiecieðams veikt labâkas
latvieðu valodas darbîbas nodroðinâðanai konsoles reþîmâ, rakstiet man
<mailto:hornet@navigators.lv>.
bash:
Ja /etc/inputrc faila uzstâdîjumi atðíiras no zemâkparâdîtajiem,
bûtu lietderîgi pievietot savam ~/.inputrc failam:
set meta-flag on
set convert-meta off
set input-meta on
set output-meta on
Jebkurâ citâ gadîjumâ tam nebûs nozîmes.
elm:
Pievienojiet sekojoðo savam ~/.elm/elmrc failam:
charset = iso-8859-13
displaycharset = iso-8859-13
textencoding = 8bit
Daþâm elm versijâm tas var nestrâdât. Varat iegût daïçju MIME
atbalstu iekð elm, ja lietosiet metamail.
joe:
Palaidiet komandu kâ
joe -asis
vai pievienojiet savam ~/.joerc failam:
-asis
metamail:
Iestâdiet sekojoðo mainîgo:
MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-13
nn:
Uzstâdiet savâ ~/.nn/init failâ:
set data-bits 8
pine:
Setup -> Config Atrodiet character-set un ierakstiet
iso-8859-13.
Tas ir teorçtiski pareizs risinâjums, taèu pagaidâm var radît
liekas problçmas jûsu korespondentiem, tâpçc var mçìinât
iso-8859-13 vietâ rakstît windows-1257.
rlogin:
Palaidiet komandu lîdzîgi kâ
rlogin -8 foo.bar.lv
sendmail:
Pievienojiet (vai atkomentçjiet) savâ /etc/sendmail.cf failâ:
O SevenBitInput=False
O EightBitMode=pass8
O DefaultCharSet=iso-8859-13
mc:
Options -> Display bits... Ieslçdziet Full 8 bits output un
Full 8 bits input. Neaizmirstiet saglabât jauno konfigurâciju.
telnet:
Ievietojiet ðâda veida rindu savâ ~/.telnetrc failâ katrai
adresei, kurai vçlaties pieslçgties, lietojot telnet:
<hostname> set outbinary true
Piemçrs:
localhost set outbinary true
foo.bar.lv set outbinary true
tin:
Pievienojiet sekojoðo savam ~/.tin/headers failam:
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-13
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
4. Netscape
Parasti problçmas, ar kâdâm lietotâjiem nâkas saskarties, izmantojot
Netscape lielâ informâcijas tîmekïa pârlûkprogrammu, ir sekojoðâs -
vai nu lapâs, kur vajadzçtu parâdîties tekstam latvieðu valodâ, ir
redzamas daudzas jautâjumu zîmes, vai arî, ja iepriekðminçto problçmu
kaut kâ ir izdevies novçrst, tad latvieðu burtu vietâ ir redzamas
íeburiem lîdzîgas rakstu zîmes. Ðîs nepilnîbas tad kopîgiem spçkiem
centîsimies novçrst. Protams, lai gûtu cerçto rezultâtu, arî bez
latvieðu ``fontiem'' neiztikt. Ja nevçlaties mocîties ar Netscape
latviskoðanu, variet lietot Mozilla, Galeon vai citus pârlûkus, kuriem
latvieðu valodas pareiza attçloðana nevajadzçtu sagâdât problçmas.
4.1. Nepiecieðamie faili
Lai panâktu vçlamo rezultâtu Netscape latviskoðanas sakarâ,
nepiecieðams mums bûs ðis skripts:
· NC_baltic <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/Latvian-
HOWTO/files/NC_baltic>
4.2. Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Lai varçtu ar skripta palîdzîbu veikt nepiecieðamâs izmaiòas citos
failos, ir nepiecieðamas root tiesîbas. Pietam, lai varçtu NC_baltic
skriptu "iedarbinât", vajag to pataisît palaiþamu:
$ chmod a+x NC_baltic
Kad tas ir izdarîts, palaiþam arî paðu skriptu:
# ./NC_baltic
Visur nekautrçjoties atbildam ar "yes"...
No ðî brîþa programmai Netscape vajadzçtu darboties kâ nâkas. Iestâdâm
Character set kâ Baltic (Windows 1257) un visam vajadzçtu strâdât.
5. NLS
5.1. Latvieðu lokâles
Tâtad, lai tiktu pareizi attçloti laika, datuma, valûtas u.c. formâti
un lai varçtu sekmîgi noritçt latvisko elementu ievieðana kâ GNOME &
KDE, tâ arî atseviðíu citu programmu lietotâja saskarnç, nepiecieðams
izveidot latvieðu lokâles. Iespçjams, ka latvieðu lokâles jûsu sistçmâ
jau ir saliktas tâ, kâ vajag, ja lietojat Mandrake vai lîdzîgu
distribûciju. Latvieðu lokâïu faili atrodas /usr/share/locale/lv. Par
to, vai ir iestâdîtas latvieðu lokâles, pârliecinamies, izpildot
komandu locale vai echo $LANG. Vai latvieðu lokâles ir pieejamas
sistçmai, pârliecinamies, izpildot locale -a|grep lv. Ja latvieðu
lokâles jums nav, uzstâdiet tâs, izmantojot jûsu distribûcijas
piedâvâto pakotni. Ja tas nav iespçjams, latvieðu lokâles kompilçt
varam arî paði:
# localedef -c -i lv_LV -f ISO-8859-13 lv
Lai sistçma zinâtu, ka ar ðo brîdi lietojamas ir latvieðu lokâles,
rediìçjam savu .bash_profile failu (pieòemot, ka lietotâ èaula ir
bash) un tam beigâs pievienojam
LANG=lv
LC_COLLATE=lv
LC_CTYPE=lv
LC_MESSAGES=lv
LC_MONETARY=lv
LC_NUMERIC=lv
LC_TIME=lv
LC_ALL=lv
export LANG LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MESSAGES LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_ALL
Visai sistçmai lokâles tiek definçtas RedHat un lîdzîgiem
/etc/sysconfig/i18n, bet Debian lietotâjiem /etc/environment failâ.
Vai viss strâdâ, pârliecinâties varam, izpildot, piemçram, komandu
$ cal -m
5.2. Failu nosaukumi
Ðeit tiks sniegta informâcija par to, kâ aktvizçt failu nosaukumu
pareizu attçloðanu latvieðu valodâ (tas gan vairâk attiecas uz tâdâm
failsistçmâm, kâ FAT, ISO9660, ..)
# insmod nls_cp775
# insmod nls_iso8859-13
Ja augstâkminçtais neizdevâs, un arî paðâ kodolâ konkrçtais atbalsts
jau nav iestrâdâts, bûs nepiecieðama kerneïa pârkompilâcija ar
papildus opcijâm, kas pieejamas iekð Filesystems > Native Language
Support, ISO-8859-13 un Codepage 775 atbalstam.
Rezultâtu varam pârbaudît ðâdi (Piemçrs):
# mount /dev/hda1 -t vfat -o codepage=775,iocharset=iso8859-13 /mnt/win_c
6. GNOME & KDE
6.1. GNOME
Tâ kâ viens no LL10NT projekta virzieniem ir arî GNOMEs po moduïu
tulkoðana, tâpçc ðajâ sadaïâ tiks sniegta informâcija, kas ir jâdara
ar po moduïiem, lai arî GTK+ lietotâja saskarne bûtu latvieðu valodâ.
Protams, pagaidâm vçl ðeit latvieðu valodas atbalsts nav realizçts
pilnîbâ. Tâpçc ðî nu ir tâ reize, kur arî jûs varat sniegt atbalstu ar
savu lîdzdalîbu po moduïu tulkoðanâ - darbs bûs.
Vçl tikai nepiecieðami arî paði po moduïi, kuri iegûstami LL10NT
Komandas <http://linux.ma-1.lv/ll10nt/> GNOMEs statusa sekcijâ.
6.1.1. Liekam visu savâs vietâs
Lai po moduïi darbotos tâ, kâ mçs vçlamies redzçt tos darbojamies,
nepiecieðams tos pârveidot par mo moduïiem:
$ msgfmt kautkâds.po -o kautkâds.mo
Tagad, kâ jau solîts, liekam nu jau jauniegûtos mo moduïus savâs
vietâs:
# cp *.mo /usr/share/locale/lv/LC_MESSAGES/
6.2. KDE
Arî darbs pie KDE tulkoðanas rit pilnâ sparâ. Interesenti, kas vçlas
lîdzdarboties sîkâku informâciju var uzzinât no Andzhas
<mailto:andzha@latnet.lv>.
6.2.1. Îsa instrukcija problçmu novçrðanai
Bieþi vien atrisinâjums ir jaunâkâs kde-i18n-lv pakotnes uzlikðana, ar
kuru tad arî tiek realizçts K Desktop Environment latviskais atbalsts.
Ja, rakstot specifiskâs latvieðu rakstzîmes KDE aplikâcijâs, to vietâ
redzat jautâjuma zîmes, sava .bash_profile faila galâ pievienojam
export LANG=lv_LV.ISO-8859-13
vai arî sistçmas mçroga izmaiòu panâkðanai attiecîgi nomainâm mainîgâ
LANG vçrtîbu failâ /etc/sysconfig/i18n.
7. GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence
Versija 1.1, Marts 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Autortiesîbas (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Ikvienam ir ïauts kopçt un izplatît burtiskas ðî licences
dokumenta kopijas, bet mainît to nav atïauts.
0. PREAMBULA
Ðîs Licences mçríis ir padarît rokasgrâmatu, mâcîbu grâmatu vai citu
rakstîtu dokumentu "brîvu" ðâdâ bîvîbas nozîmç: nodroðinot ikvienam
tiesisku brîvîbu kopçt un tâlâkizplatît to, ar vai bez tâ
modificçðanas vai nu komerciâli, vai nekomerciâli. Otrkârt, ðî Licence
saglabâ autoram un izdevçjam iespçju saòemt atzinîbu par viòu darbu,
neuzskatot tos par atbildîgiem par citu veiktajâm modifikâcijâm.
Ðî Licence ir kâ sava veida "copyleft", kas nozîmç, ka no dokumenta
atvasinâtajiem darbiem paðiem jâbût brîviem tâdâ paðâ nozîmç. Tâ
papildina GNU Vispârîgo Publisko Licenci (GNU General Public License),
kas ir copyleft licence, radîta brîvajai programmatûrai.
Mçs radîjâm ðo Licenci, lai to lietotu brîvâs programmatûras
rokasgrâmatâs, jo brîvajai programmatûrai ir vajadzîga brîva
dokumentâcija: brîvai programmai bûtu jâiznâk ar rokasgrâmatâm,
nodroðinot tâs paðas brîvîbas, kuras programmatûra. Bet ðî Licence nav
ierobeþota tikai programmatûras rokasgrâmatâm, tâ var tikt lietota
jebkuram tekstuâlam darbam, neatkarîgi no tâ tçmas vai tâ, vai tas
tiek publicçts kâ drukâta grâmata. Mçs rekomendçjam ðo Licenci,
galvenokârt, darbiem, kuru nolûks ir instrukcijas vai norâdîjumi.
1. LIETOJAMÎBA UN TERMINI
Ðî Licence attiecas uz katru rokasgrâmatu vai citu darbu, kas satur
aiz autortiesîbu îpaðnieka atrodoðos paziòojumu, kas nosaka, ka tas
var tikt izplatîts saskaòâ ar ðîs Licences noteikumiem. "Dokuments"
zemâk attiecas uz katru ðâdu rokasgrâmatu vai darbu. Jebkurð
sabiedrîbas loceklis ir licences saòçmçjs un tiek uzrunâts uz "jûs".
Dokumenta "Modificçta Versija" nozîmç jebkuru Dokumenta vai tâ daïas
saturoðu darbu vai nu burtiski kopçtu, vai ar izmaiòâm un/vai tulkotu
citâ valodâ.
"Sekundârais Paragrâfs" ir Dokumenta nosaukts pielikums vai sâkuma
nozîmes paragrâfs, kurð ekskluzîvi aplûko Dokumenta izdevçja vai
autora saistîbu ar Dokumenta kopçjo tematu (vai radniecîgiem
jautâjumiem) un nesatur neko, kas varçtu tieði ietilpt konkrçtajâ
kopçjâ tematâ. (Piemçram, ja Dokuments ir pa daïai matemâtikas mâcîbu
grâmata, Sekundârais Paragrâfs nepaskaidro neko par matemâtiku.)
Saistîbas nozîme varçtu bût vçsturiskas saiknes ar tematu vai
radniecîgi jautâjumi, vai to aplûkojums no juridiska, komerciâla,
filosofiska, çtiska vai politiska viedokïa.
"Bezvariantu Paragrâfi" ir noteikti Sekundârie Paragrâfi, kuru
virsraksti kâ Bezvariantu Paragrâfus saturoði ir norâdîti paziòojumâ,
kas nosaka, ka Dokuments ir izlaists zem ðîs Licences.
"Vâku Teksti" ir noteikti, îsi teksta fragmenti, kuri norâdîti kâ
Pirmâ-Vâka Teksti vai Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Teksti paziòojumâ, kas nosaka,
ka Dokuments ir izlaists zem ðîs Licences.
"Caurspîdîga" Dokumenta kopija nozîmç maðîniski nolasâmu kopiju,
attçlotu formâtâ, kura specifikâcija ir pieejama plaðai sabiedrîbai,
kura saturs var tikt skatîts un rediìçts tieði un vienkârði ar
parastiem teksta redaktoriem vai (pikseïu veidojoðiem attçliem)
parastâm krâsoðanas programmâm, vai (zîmçjumiem) kâdu plaði pieejamu
zîmçjumu redaktoru, un tâ ir piemçrota ievadei teksta formatçtâjos vai
automâtiskai tulkoðanai daþâdos formâtos, kuri piemçroti ievadei
teksta formatçtâjos. Kopija, kura veidota citâdâk kâ Caurspîdîgs faila
formâts, kura maríçjums ticis radîts, lai kavçtu vai atrunâtu
lasîtâjus no sekojoðâs modificçðanas, nav Caurspîdîga. Kopija, kas nav
"Caurspîdîga" tiek saukta par "Necaurredzamu".
Derîgu Caurspîdîgo formâtu piemçri ietver tîru ASCII bez maríçjuma,
Texinfo ievades formâtu, LaTeX ievades formâtu, SGML vai XML, lietojot
publiski pieejamos DTD, un standartam atbilstoðs vienkârðs HTML, kas
radîts cilvçciskai modifikâcijai. Necaurredzamie formâti ietver
PostScript, PDF, patentçtçtus formâtus, kurus var lasît un rediìçt
tikai patentçti teksta redaktori, SGML vai XML, kam DTD un/vai
apstrâdes rîki nav vipârçji pieejami, un maðîniski ìenerçts HTML, kuru
izveidojis kâds teksta redaktors tikai izvades nolûkâ.
"Titullapa" nozîmç drukâtâm grâmatâm, paðu titullapu plus tâdas
turpmâkâs lapas, kuras nepiecieðamas, lai salasâmi saturçtu to
materiâlu, kam ðî Licence pieprasa parâdîties titullapâ. Darbiem, kuru
formâtos nav titullapas kâ tâdas, "Titullapa" nozîmç tekstu tuvu
vissaredzamâkajam darba virsrakstam pirms teksta daïas sâkuma.
2. BURTISKA KOPÇÐANA
Jûs varat kopçt un izplatît Dokumentu jebkurâ veidâ vai nu komerciâli,
vai nekomerciâli, nodroðinot, ka ðî Licence, autortiesîbu atzîmes un
licences paziòojums, kurð apgalvo, ka ðî Licence attiecas uz
Dokumentu, tiek reproducçts visâs kopijâs un ka jûs nepievienosiet
citus nosacîjumus jebkuram no ðajâ Licencç esoðajiem. Jûs nedrîkstiet
uzlikt tehniskus ierobeþojumus, lai kavçtu vai kontrolçtu lasîðanu vai
tâlâku kopçðanu tâm kopijâm, kuras jûs izveidojat vai izplatât. Tomçr
jûs varat pieòemt kompensâciju pret kopiju apmaiòu. Ja jûs izplatât
pietiekami lielu daudzumu kopiju, jums ir jâseko arî nosacîjumiem 3.
daïâ.
Jûs varat arî aizdot kopijas pçc tâdiem paðiem nosacîjumiem, kâdi
noteikti augstâk, un jûs varat publiskti izstâdît kopijas.
3. KOPÇÐANA LIELÂ DAUDZUMÂ
Ja jûs publicçjat drukâtas skaitliski vairâk kâ 100 Dokumenta kopijas,
un Dokumenta licences nosacîjumi pieprasa Vâku tekstus, jums kopiju
vâkos skaidri un salasâmi jâiekïauj visi ðie Vâku Teksti: Pirmâ-Vâka
Teksts uz pirmâ vâka un Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Teksts uz pçdçjâ vâka. Abiem
vâkiem arî skaidri un salasâmi jâidentificç jûs kâ ðo kopiju izdevçju.
Pirmajâ vâkâ jâparâdâs pilnam nosaukumam, visiem nosaukuma vârdiem
esot vienâdi izceltiem un saredzamiem. Jûs varat pievienot papildus
materiâlu vâka tekstiem. Kopçðana ar izmaiòâm, kas skar tikai vâkus,
kamçr tie satur Dokumenta nosaukumu un apmierina ðos nosacîjumus,
citâdâ ziòâ var tikt uzskatîta par burtisku kopçðanu.
Ja nepiecieðamie teksti kâdâ no vâkiem ir pârâk apjomîgi, lai salasâmi
tajos ietilptu, jums vajadzçtu pirmos sarakstâ likt (tik daudz, cik
saprâtîgi iekïaujas) uz attiecîgâ vâka un pârçjo uz blakus lapâm.
Ja jûs publicçjat vai izplatât Necaurredzamas skaitliski vairâk kâ 100
Dokumenta kopijas, jums ir vai nu jâiekïauj maðîniski lasâma
Caurspîdîga kopija kopâ ar katru Necaurredzamo kopiju, vai jâpaziòo
katrâ vai ar katru Necaurredzamo kopiju publiski pieejama vieta
datortîklâ, kurâ atrodama pilna Caurspîdîga Dokumenta kopija brîva no
pievienotâ materiâla, pie kuras vispârçjai tîklu lietojoðai
sabiedrîbai ir pieeja anonîmi lejuplâdçt to bez maksas, lietojot
publiskâ standarta tîkla protokolus. Ja lietojat pçdçjo iespçju, jums
jâveic nepiecieðamie piesardzîbas soïi, kad sâkat Necaurredzmas
kopijas izplatîðanu lielâ daudzumâ, lai nodroðinâtu, ka ðî Caurspîdîgâ
kopija bûs tâdçjâdi pieejama norâdîtajâ vietâ vçl vismaz gadu pçc
pçdçjâs reizes, kad izplatîjât (tieði vai caur saviem aìentiem, vai
mazumtirgotâjiem) Necaurredzmas kopijas tirâþu sabiedrîbai.
Ir ieteicams, bet ne nepiecieðams, ka jûs kontaktçjaties ar Dokumenta
autoru jau laikus pirms tâlâkizplatot jebkâdu lielu daudzumu kopiju,
lai dotu viòam iespçju nodroðinât jûs ar uzlabotu Dokumenta versiju.
4. MODIFIKÂCIJAS
Jûs varat kopçt un izplatît Dokumenta Modificçtu Versiju saskaòâ ar
augstâkesoðajiem 2. un 3. daïas noteikumiem, ja jûs publicçjat
Modificçto Versiju precîzi zem ðîs Licences, Modificçtajai Versijai
pildot to paðu lomu, ko Dokumentam, tâdçjâdi licecçjot Modificçtas
Versijas izplatîðanu un modificçðanu ikvienam, kuram pieder tâs
kopija. Papildus Modificçtajâ Versijâ jums jâpaveic sekojoðais:
· A. Titullapâ (un vâkos, ja tâdi ir) lietojiet atðíirîgu nosaukumu
no tâ, kâds ir Dokumentam un tâ iepriekðçjâm versijâm (kurâm bûtu,
ja tâdas ir bijuðas, jâbût norâdîtâm Dokumenta Vçstures paragrâfâ).
Jûs variet lietot to paðu nosaukumu, kâds bijies iepriekðçjâ
versijâ, ja tâs versijas oriìinâla izdevçjs dod tam atïauju.
· B. Sarindojiet Titullapas sarakstâ kâ autorus vienu vai vairâkas
personas vai subjektus atbildîgus par Modificçtâs Versijas izmaiòu
autorîbu kopâ ar vismaz pieciem Dokumenta pamatautoriem (visiem tâ
pamatautoriem, ja tam to ir mazâk par pieciem).
· C. Norâdiet Modificçtâs Versijas Titullapâ izdevçja vârdu kâ
izdevçju.
· D. Saglabâjiet visus Dokumenta autortiesîbu paziòojumus.
· E. Savâm modifikâcijâm pievienojiet atbilstoðu autortiesîbu
paziòojumus blakus citiem autortiesîbu paziòojumiem.
· F. Ievietojiet tûlît aiz autortiesîbu paziòojumiem licences
paziòojumu, dodot publisku atïauju lietot Modificçto Versiju
saskaòâ ar ðîs Licences noteikumiem, tâdâ formâ, kâ tas parâdîts
zemâkesoðajâ Pielikumâ.
· G. Saglabâjiet tajâ licences paziòojumâ Bezvariantu Paragrâfu un
nepiecieðamo Vâka Tekstu pilnu sarakstu, kâds dots Dokumenta
licences paziòojumâ.
· H. Iekïaujiet nemainîtu ðîs Licences kopiju.
· I. Saglabâjiet paragrâfu ar nosaukumu "Vçsture" un tâ nosaukumu, un
pievienojiet tam punktu, kurð ietver vismaz nosaukumu, gadu,
Modificçtâs Versijas jaunos autorus un izdevçjus, kâ norâdîts
Titullapâ. Ja Dokumentâ nav tada paragrâfa ar nosaukumu "Vçsture",
izveidojiet tâdu, norâdot nosaukumu, gadu, Dokumenta autorus un
izdevçju, kâ tas redzams tâ Titullapâ, tad pievienojiet punktu,
kurð apraksta Modificçto Versiju, kâ norâdîts iepriekðçjâ teikumâ.
· J. Saglabâjiet tîkla vietu, ja tâda norâdîta Dokumentâ, publiskai
pieejai pie Dokumenta Caurspîdîgâs kopijas un tâpat arî Dokumentâ
norâdîtâs tîkla vietas iepriekðçjâm versijâm, uz kurâm tas ir
bâzçts. Tâs var tikt ievietotas "Vçstures" paragrâfâ. Jûs varat
izlaist tâda darba tîkla vietu, kas ticis publicçts vismaz èetrus
gadus pirms paða Dokumenta, vai arî ja oriìinâlâs versijas
izdevçjs, uz kuru tas atsaucas, dod tam atïauju.
· K. Ikvienâ paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "Pateicîbas" vai "Veltîjumi",
saglabâjiet paragrâfa nosaukumu, visu tâ saturu un katra
lîdzstrâdnieka pateicîbâs un/vai veltîjumos ietverto nozîmes
nokrâsu.
· L. Saglabâjiet visus Dokumenta Bezvariantu Paragrâfus nemainîgus to
tekstâ un nosaukumos. Paragrâfu numuri vai tamlîdzîgi netiek
uzskatîti kâ daïas no paragrâfu nosaukumiem.
· M. Izdzçsiet jebkuru paragrâfu ar nosaukumu "Indosamenti". Ðâds
paragrâfs nedrîkst tikt iekïauts Modificçtajâ Versijâ.
· N. Nepârsauciet nevienu eksistçjoðo paragrâfu par "Indosamentu",
vai lai konfliktçtu ar jebkuru Bezvariantu Paragrâfa nosaukumu.
Ja Modificçtâ Versija ietver jaunus sâkuma nozîmes paragrâfus vai
pielikumus, kas kvalificçjami kâ Sekundârie Paragrâfi un nesatur no
dokumenta kopçtu materiâlu, jûs varat pçc savas izvçles daþus vai
visus no tiem paragrâfiem padarît par bezvariantu. Lai to izdarîtu,
pievienojiet to nosaukumus Modificçtâs Versijas licences paziòojuma
Bezvariantu Paragrâfu sarakstam. Ðiem nosaukumiem jâbut atðíirîgiem no
jebkuriem citiem paragrâfu nosaukumiem.
Jûs varat pievienot paragrâfu ar nosaukumu "Indosamenti", nodroðinot,
ka tas nesaturçs neko citu, kâ tikai jûsu Modificçtâs Versijas daþâdu
puðu indosamentus - piemçram, paziòojumus par otreizçju caurskatîðanu
vai arî, ka kâda organizâcija tekstu ir apstiprinâjusi kâ autoritatîvi
noteiktu standartu.
Jûs varat pievienot fragmentu lîdz pieciem vârdiem kâ Pirmâ-Vâka
Tekstu, un fragmentu lîdz 25 vârdiem kâ Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstu
Modificçtâs Versijas Vâku Tekstu saraksta beigâs. Tikai vienu
Pirmâ-Vâka Teksta un vienu Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Teksta fragmentu var
pievienot (vai noslçdzot vienoðanos) jebkurð subjekts. Ja Dokuments
jau ietver vâka tekstu tam paðam vâkam, kuru iepriekð pievienojât jûs
vai ar noslçgto vienoðanâs tas pats subjekts, kuru jûs pârstâvat, jûs
nevarat pievienot citu; bçt jûs varat veco apmainît, saòemot skaidri
izteiktu atïauju no iepriekðçjâ izdevçja, kas pievienoja veco.
Dokumenta autors(i) un izdevçjs(i) saskaòâ ar ðo Licenci nedod atïauju
lietot viòu vârdus reklâmai vai lai aizstâvçtu vai norâdîtu uz
Modificçtâs Versijas indosamentu.
5. DOKUMENTU APVIENOÐANA
Jûs varat apvienot Dokumentu ar citiem dokumentiem, kuri izlaisti zem
ðîs Licences, saskaòâ ar augstâkesoðâ 4. nodaïas noteikumiem par
modificçtajâm versijâm, nodroðinot, ka jûs iekïaujat visu Bezvariantu
Paragrâfu apvienojumu no visiem oriìinâlajiem dokumentiem nemainîtu un
norâdiet tos visus kâ Bezvariantu Paragrâfus sava apvienotâ darba
licences paziòojumâ.
Apvienotajam darbam jâsatur tikai viena ðîs Licences kopija, un
vairâki identiski Bezvariantu Paragrâfi var tikt apmainîti ar vienu to
kopiju. Ja ir vairâki Bezvariantu paragrâfi ar tâdu paðu nosaukumu,
bet atðíirîgu saturu, padariet katra ðâda paragrâfa nosaukumu unikâlu,
pievienojot tâ beigâs iekavâs, ja zinâms, oriìinâla autora vai
izdevçja vârdu vai arî unikâlu skaitli. Izdariet tâs paðas korekcijas
paragrâfu nosaukumos Bezvariantu Paragrâfu sarakstâ apvienotâ darba
licences paziòojumâ.
Apvienojumâ jums jâapvieno visi paragrâfi ar nosaukumu "Vçsture"
daþâdajos oriìinâlajos dokumentos, noformçjot tos vienâ paragrâfâ ar
nosaukumu "Vçsture"; tâpat apvienojiet visus paragrâfus ar nosaukumu
"Pateicîbas" un visus paragrâfus ar nosaukumu "Veltîjumi". Jums
jâizdzçð visi paragrâfi ar nosaukumu "Indosaments".
6. DOKUMENTU KOLEKCIJAS
Jûs varat izveidot Dokumenta un citu dokumentu, kuri izlaisti zem ðîs
Licences, saturoðu kolekciju un aizstât individuâlâs ðîs Licences
kopijas daþâdajos dokumentos ar vienu tâs kopiju, kas iekïauta
kolekcijâ, nodroðinot, ka jûs visâdâ ziòâ sekojat ðîs Licences
noteikumiem par katra dokumenta burtisku kopçðanu.
Jûs varat atdalît vienu dokumentu no ðâdas kolekcijas un izplatît to
individuâli saskaòâ ar ðo Licenci, nodroðinot, ka jûs ievietojiet ðîs
Licences kopiju atdalîtajâ dokumentâ un visâdâ ziòâ sekojiet ðai
Licencei attiecîbâ uz tâ dokumenta burtisku kopçðanu.
7. APKOPOJUMS AR NEATKARÎGIEM DARBIEM
Dokumenta vai tâ atvasinâjumu kompilâcija ar citiem atseviðíiem un
neatkarîgiem dokumentiem vai darbiem atmiòas tilpnç vai izplatâmajâ
medijâ kopumâ neskaitâs kâ Dokumenta Modificçta Versija, nodroðinot,
ka nekâdas kompilâcijas autortiesîbas kompilâcijai netiek pieprasîtas.
Tâda kompilâcija tiek saukta par "apkopojumu", un ðî Licence
neattiecas uz citiem paðietvertajiem darbiem, kuri iekïauti kopâ ar
Dokumentu, tikai dçï tâ, ka tie tâdçjâdi ir apkopoti, ja tie paði par
sevi nav no Dokumenta atvasinâtie darbi.
Ja Vâku Tekstu prasîbas 3. nodaïâ ir attiecinâmas uz ðîm Dokumenta
kopijâm, tad, ja Dokuments ir mazâk kâ viena ceturtdaïa no visa
apkopojuma, Dokumenta Vâka Teksti var tikt novietoti uz vâkiem, kuri
apkopojumâ iekïauj tikai paðu Dokumentu. Citâdi tiem jâparâdâs uz visa
apkopojuma apkârtçjiem vâkiem.
8. TULKOJUMS
Tulkojums tiek uzskatîts kâ sava veida modificçjums, tâpçc jûs varat
izplatît Dokumenta tulkojumus saskaòâ ar 4. nodaïas noteikumiem.
Bezvariantu Paragrâfu aizstâðanai ar to tulkojumiem nepiecieðama îpaða
atïauja no to autortiesîbu turçtâjiem, bet jûs varat iekïaut daþu vai
visu Bezvariantu Paragrâfu tulkojumus papildus to Bezvariantu
Paragrâfu oriìinâlajâm versijâm. Jûs varat iekïaut ðîs Licences
tulkojumu, nodroðinot, ka jûs iekïaujat arî ðîs Licences Angliko
versiju. Nesakritîbu gadîjumâ starp tulkojumu un oriìinâlo Anglisko
ðîs Licences versiju jâvadâs pçc oriìinâlâs Angliskâs versijas.
9. IZBEIGÐANÂS
Jûs nedrîkstat kopçt, modificçt, sublicencçt vai izplatît Dokumentu
savâdâk, kâ noteikts ðajâ Licencç. Jebkurð cits mçìinâjums kopçt,
modificçt, sublicencçt vai izplatît Dokumentu zaudç spçku un
automâtiski izbeidz jûsu tiesîbas saskaòâ ar ðo Licenci. Taèu pusçm,
kuras saòçmuðas kopijas vai tiesîbas no jums saskaòâ ar ðo Licenci,
viòu licences neizbeigsies tik ilgi, kamçr ðîs puses darbosies pilnîgâ
saskaòâ ar tâm.
10. TURPMÂKIE ÐÎS LICENCES PÂRSTRÂDÂTIE IZDEVUMI
Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds laiku pa laikam var publicçt jaunas,
pârstrâdâtas GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licences versijas. Ðâdas jaunâs
versijas pçc bûtîbas bûs lîdzîgas paðreizçjajai versija, bet detaïas
var atðíirties, lai noregulçtu jaunâs problçmas vai nepilnîbas.
Apskati http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Katrai Licences versijai tiek pieðíirts atðíirîgs versijas numurs. Ja
Dokuments norâda, ka uz to attiecas noteikta Licences versija "vai
jebkura vçlâka versija", jums ir izvçle sekot nosacîjumiem un
noteikumiem tajâ noteiktajâ versijâ vai arî jebkurâ vçlâkâ versijâ,
kuru publicçjis (ne kâ projektu) Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds. Ja
Dokuments nenorâda Licences versijas numuru, jûs varat izvçlçties
jebkuru versiju, ko jebkad publicçjies (ne kâ projektu) Brîvâs
Programmatûras Fonds.
ADDENDUM: Kâ lietot ðo Licenci jûsu dokumentos
Lai lietotu ðo Licenci Dokumentâ, kuru jûs esat uzrakstîjis,
iekïaujiet dokumentâ Licences kopiju un ievietojiet sekojoðos
autortiesîbu un licences paziòojumus tieði pçc titullapas:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
Autortiesîbas (c) GADS JÛSU VÂRDS.
Tiek dota atïauja kopçt, izplatît un/vai modificçt ðo dokumentu saskaòâ
ar GNU Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licences, Versijas 1.1 vai jebkuras vçlâkas
versijas, kuru publicçjis Brîvâs Programmatûras Fonds, nosacîjumiem;
ar ðâdiem Bezvariantu Paragrâfiem NORÂDI TO NOSAUKUMUS, ar ðâdiem
Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem NORÂDI un ar ðâdiem Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstiem NORÂDI.
Licences kopija ir iekïauta paragrâfâ ar nosaukumu "GNU
Brîvâs Dokumentâcijas Licence".
Ja jums nav Bezvariantu Paragrâfu, rakstiet "bez Bezvariantu
Paragrâfiem" tâ vietâ, lai norâdîtu, kuri ir bezvariantu. Ja jums nav
Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstu, rakstiet "bez Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem" "ar ðâdiem
Pirmâ-Vâka Tekstiem NORÂDI" vietâ; tâpat attiecîgi arî par
Aizmugurçjâ-Vâka Tekstiem.
Ja jûsu dokuments satur sareþìîtâkus programmas koda piemçrus, mçs
rekomendçjam izlaist ðos piemçrus paralçli zem brîvâs programmatûras
licences pçc jûsu izvçles, tâdas kâ GNU Vispârçjâs Publiskâs Licences,
lai ïautu viòiem lietot brîvo programmatûru.
8. GNU Free Documentation License
Version 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as "you".
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is
in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-
generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes
only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
2. VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-
Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and
legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover
must present the full title with all words of the title equally
prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in
addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they
preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can
be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
· A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
· B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
less than five).
· C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
· D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
· E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
· F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.
· G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
notice.
· H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
· I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
· J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You
may omit a network location for a work that was published at least
four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher
of the version it refers to gives permission.
· K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
and/or dedications given therein.
· L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
· M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
not be included in the Modified Version.
· N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-
Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you
may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
entitled "Endorsements."
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise
they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original English version of this
License, the original English version will prevail.
9. TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts
being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
permit their use in free software.
