<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >System Information Functions</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 8.3.11 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Functions and Operators" HREF="functions.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Set Returning Functions" HREF="functions-srf.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="System Administration Functions" HREF="functions-admin.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2010-05-14T03:43:41"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="SECT1" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >PostgreSQL 8.3.11 Documentation</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-srf.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" >Fast Backward</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Chapter 9. Functions and Operators</TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" >Fast Forward</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-admin.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT1" ><H1 CLASS="SECT1" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-INFO" >9.22. System Information Functions</A ></H1 ><P > <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-SESSION-TABLE" >Table 9-44</A > shows several functions that extract session and system information. </P ><P > In addition to the functions listed in this section, there are a number of functions related to the statistics system that also provide system information. See <A HREF="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS" >Section 26.2.2</A > for more information. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-INFO-SESSION-TABLE" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-44. Session Information Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_database</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD >name of current database</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_schema</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD >name of current schema</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_schemas</CODE >(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name[]</TT ></TD ><TD >names of schemas in search path optionally including implicit schemas</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_user</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD >user name of current execution context</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_client_addr</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >inet</TT ></TD ><TD >address of the remote connection</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_client_port</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD >port of the remote connection</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_server_addr</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >inet</TT ></TD ><TD >address of the local connection</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_server_port</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD >port of the local connection</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_my_temp_schema</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >oid</TT ></TD ><TD >OID of session's temporary schema, or 0 if none</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_is_other_temp_schema</CODE >(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is schema another session's temporary schema?</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_postmaster_start_time</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >timestamp with time zone</TT ></TD ><TD >server start time</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >session_user</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD >session user name</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >user</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD >equivalent to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_user</CODE ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >version</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD ><SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > version information</TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><A NAME="AEN15752" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15755" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15758" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15761" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15763" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15765" ></A ><P > The <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >session_user</CODE > is normally the user who initiated the current database connection; but superusers can change this setting with <A HREF="sql-set-session-authorization.html" ><I >SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</I ></A >. The <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_user</CODE > is the user identifier that is applicable for permission checking. Normally, it is equal to the session user, but it can be changed with <A HREF="sql-set-role.html" ><I >SET ROLE</I ></A >. It also changes during the execution of functions with the attribute <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SECURITY DEFINER</TT >. In Unix parlance, the session user is the <SPAN CLASS="QUOTE" >"real user"</SPAN > and the current user is the <SPAN CLASS="QUOTE" >"effective user"</SPAN >. </P ><DIV CLASS="NOTE" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="NOTE" ><P ><B >Note: </B > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_user</CODE >, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >session_user</CODE >, and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >user</CODE > have special syntactic status in <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM >: they must be called without trailing parentheses. </P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_schema</CODE > returns the name of the schema that is at the front of the search path (or a null value if the search path is empty). This is the schema that will be used for any tables or other named objects that are created without specifying a target schema. <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_schemas(boolean)</CODE > returns an array of the names of all schemas presently in the search path. The Boolean option determines whether or not implicitly included system schemas such as <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >pg_catalog</TT > are included in the search path returned. </P ><DIV CLASS="NOTE" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="NOTE" ><P ><B >Note: </B > The search path can be altered at run time. The command is: </P><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >SET search_path TO <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >schema</I ></TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >schema</I ></TT >, ...</SPAN >]</PRE ><P> </P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ><A NAME="AEN15791" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15793" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15795" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15797" ></A ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_client_addr</CODE > returns the IP address of the current client, and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_client_port</CODE > returns the port number. <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_server_addr</CODE > returns the IP address on which the server accepted the current connection, and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >inet_server_port</CODE > returns the port number. All these functions return NULL if the current connection is via a Unix-domain socket. </P ><A NAME="AEN15804" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15806" ></A ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_my_temp_schema</CODE > returns the OID of the current session's temporary schema, or 0 if it has none (because it has not created any temporary tables). <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_is_other_temp_schema</CODE > returns true if the given OID is the OID of any other session's temporary schema. (This can be useful, for example, to exclude other sessions' temporary tables from a catalog display.) </P ><A NAME="AEN15811" ></A ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_postmaster_start_time</CODE > returns the <TT CLASS="TYPE" >timestamp with time zone</TT > when the server started. </P ><A NAME="AEN15816" ></A ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >version</CODE > returns a string describing the <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > server's version. </P ><A NAME="AEN15821" ></A ><P > <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-ACCESS-TABLE" >Table 9-45</A > lists functions that allow the user to query object access privileges programmatically. See <A HREF="ddl-priv.html" >Section 5.6</A > for more information about privileges. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-INFO-ACCESS-TABLE" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-45. Access Privilege Inquiry Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_database_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >database</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for database</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_database_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >database</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for database</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_function_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >function</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for function</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_function_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >function</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for function</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_language_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >language</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for language</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_language_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >language</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for language</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_schema_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >schema</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for schema</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_schema_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >schema</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for schema</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >table</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for table</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >table</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for table</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_tablespace_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >tablespace</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for tablespace</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_tablespace_privilege</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >tablespace</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for tablespace</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_has_role</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >user</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >role</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does user have privilege for role</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_has_role</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >role</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >privilege</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >does current user have privilege for role</TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><A NAME="AEN15969" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15971" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15973" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15975" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15977" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15979" ></A ><A NAME="AEN15981" ></A ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_database_privilege</CODE > checks whether a user can access a database in a particular way. The possibilities for its arguments are analogous to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >. The desired access privilege type must evaluate to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CREATE</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CONNECT</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TEMPORARY</TT >, or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TEMP</TT > (which is equivalent to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TEMPORARY</TT >). </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_function_privilege</CODE > checks whether a user can access a function in a particular way. The possibilities for its arguments are analogous to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >. When specifying a function by a text string rather than by OID, the allowed input is the same as for the <TT CLASS="TYPE" >regprocedure</TT > data type (see <A HREF="datatype-oid.html" >Section 8.16</A >). The desired access privilege type must evaluate to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EXECUTE</TT >. An example is: </P><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >SELECT has_function_privilege('joeuser', 'myfunc(int, text)', 'execute');</PRE ><P> </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_language_privilege</CODE > checks whether a user can access a procedural language in a particular way. The possibilities for its arguments are analogous to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >. The desired access privilege type must evaluate to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >USAGE</TT >. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_schema_privilege</CODE > checks whether a user can access a schema in a particular way. The possibilities for its arguments are analogous to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >. The desired access privilege type must evaluate to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CREATE</TT > or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >USAGE</TT >. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE > checks whether a user can access a table in a particular way. The user can be specified by name or by OID (<TT CLASS="LITERAL" >pg_authid.oid</TT >), or if the argument is omitted <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >current_user</CODE > is assumed. The table can be specified by name or by OID. (Thus, there are actually six variants of <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >, which can be distinguished by the number and types of their arguments.) When specifying by name, the name can be schema-qualified if necessary. The desired access privilege type is specified by a text string, which must evaluate to one of the values <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SELECT</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >INSERT</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UPDATE</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >DELETE</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >REFERENCES</TT >, or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TRIGGER</TT >. (Case of the string is not significant, however.) An example is: </P><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >SELECT has_table_privilege('myschema.mytable', 'select');</PRE ><P> </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_tablespace_privilege</CODE > checks whether a user can access a tablespace in a particular way. The possibilities for its arguments are analogous to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >. The desired access privilege type must evaluate to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CREATE</TT >. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_has_role</CODE > checks whether a user can access a role in a particular way. The possibilities for its arguments are analogous to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >has_table_privilege</CODE >. The desired access privilege type must evaluate to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MEMBER</TT > or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >USAGE</TT >. <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MEMBER</TT > denotes direct or indirect membership in the role (that is, the right to do <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SET ROLE</TT >), while <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >USAGE</TT > denotes whether the privileges of the role are immediately available without doing <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SET ROLE</TT >. </P ><P > To test whether a user holds a grant option on the privilege, append <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WITH GRANT OPTION</TT > to the privilege key word; for example <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'UPDATE WITH GRANT OPTION'</TT >. </P ><P > <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-SCHEMA-TABLE" >Table 9-46</A > shows functions that determine whether a certain object is <I CLASS="FIRSTTERM" >visible</I > in the current schema search path. For example, a table is said to be visible if its containing schema is in the search path and no table of the same name appears earlier in the search path. This is equivalent to the statement that the table can be referenced by name without explicit schema qualification. To list the names of all visible tables: </P><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE pg_table_is_visible(oid);</PRE ><P> </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-INFO-SCHEMA-TABLE" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-46. Schema Visibility Inquiry Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_conversion_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >conversion_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is conversion visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_function_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >function_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is function visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_operator_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >operator_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is operator visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_opclass_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >opclass_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is operator class visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_table_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >table_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is table visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_ts_config_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >config_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is text search configuration visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_ts_dict_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dict_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is text search dictionary visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_ts_parser_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >parser_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is text search parser visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_ts_template_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >template_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is text search template visible in search path</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_type_is_visible</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >type_oid</TT >)</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is type (or domain) visible in search path</TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><A NAME="AEN16128" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16130" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16132" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16134" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16136" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16138" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16140" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16142" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16144" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16146" ></A ><P > Each function performs the visibility check for one type of database object. Note that <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_table_is_visible</CODE > can also be used with views, indexes and sequences; <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_type_is_visible</CODE > can also be used with domains. For functions and operators, an object in the search path is visible if there is no object of the same name <SPAN CLASS="emphasis" ><I CLASS="EMPHASIS" >and argument data type(s)</I ></SPAN > earlier in the path. For operator classes, both name and associated index access method are considered. </P ><P > All these functions require object OIDs to identify the object to be checked. If you want to test an object by name, it is convenient to use the OID alias types (<TT CLASS="TYPE" >regclass</TT >, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >regtype</TT >, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >regprocedure</TT >, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >regoperator</TT >, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >regconfig</TT >, or <TT CLASS="TYPE" >regdictionary</TT >), for example: </P><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >SELECT pg_type_is_visible('myschema.widget'::regtype);</PRE ><P> Note that it would not make much sense to test an unqualified name in this way — if the name can be recognized at all, it must be visible. </P ><A NAME="AEN16160" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16162" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16164" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16166" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16168" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16170" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16172" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16174" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16176" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16178" ></A ><P > <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-CATALOG-TABLE" >Table 9-47</A > lists functions that extract information from the system catalogs. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-INFO-CATALOG-TABLE" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-47. System Catalog Information Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >format_type</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >type_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >typemod</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get SQL name of a data type</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_constraintdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >constraint_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get definition of a constraint</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_constraintdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >constraint_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pretty_bool</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get definition of a constraint</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_expr</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >expr_text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >relation_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >decompile internal form of an expression, assuming that any Vars in it refer to the relation indicated by the second parameter</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_expr</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >expr_text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >relation_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pretty_bool</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >decompile internal form of an expression, assuming that any Vars in it refer to the relation indicated by the second parameter</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_indexdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >index_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE INDEX</TT > command for index</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_indexdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >index_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >column_no</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pretty_bool</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE INDEX</TT > command for index, or definition of just one index column when <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >column_no</TT > is not zero</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_ruledef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >rule_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE RULE</TT > command for rule</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_ruledef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >rule_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pretty_bool</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE RULE</TT > command for rule</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_serial_sequence</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >table_name</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >column_name</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get name of the sequence that a <TT CLASS="TYPE" >serial</TT > or <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigserial</TT > column uses</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_triggerdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >trigger_oid</TT >)</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE [ CONSTRAINT ] TRIGGER</TT > command for trigger</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_userbyid</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >roleid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD >get role name with given ID</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_viewdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >view_name</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get underlying <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SELECT</TT > command for view (<SPAN CLASS="emphasis" ><I CLASS="EMPHASIS" >deprecated</I ></SPAN >)</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_viewdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >view_name</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pretty_bool</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get underlying <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SELECT</TT > command for view (<SPAN CLASS="emphasis" ><I CLASS="EMPHASIS" >deprecated</I ></SPAN >)</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_viewdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >view_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get underlying <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SELECT</TT > command for view</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_viewdef</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >view_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pretty_bool</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get underlying <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SELECT</TT > command for view</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_tablespace_databases</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >tablespace_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >setof oid</TT ></TD ><TD >get the set of database OIDs that have objects in the tablespace</TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >format_type</CODE > returns the SQL name of a data type that is identified by its type OID and possibly a type modifier. Pass NULL for the type modifier if no specific modifier is known. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_constraintdef</CODE >, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_indexdef</CODE >, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_ruledef</CODE >, and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_triggerdef</CODE >, respectively reconstruct the creating command for a constraint, index, rule, or trigger. (Note that this is a decompiled reconstruction, not the original text of the command.) <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_expr</CODE > decompiles the internal form of an individual expression, such as the default value for a column. It can be useful when examining the contents of system catalogs. <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_viewdef</CODE > reconstructs the <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >SELECT</TT > query that defines a view. Most of these functions come in two variants, one of which can optionally <SPAN CLASS="QUOTE" >"pretty-print"</SPAN > the result. The pretty-printed format is more readable, but the default format is more likely to be interpreted the same way by future versions of <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN >; avoid using pretty-printed output for dump purposes. Passing <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >false</TT > for the pretty-print parameter yields the same result as the variant that does not have the parameter at all. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_serial_sequence</CODE > returns the name of the sequence associated with a column, or NULL if no sequence is associated with the column. The first input parameter is a table name with optional schema, and the second parameter is a column name. Because the first parameter is potentially a schema and table, it is not treated as a double-quoted identifier, meaning it is lowercased by default, while the second parameter, being just a column name, is treated as double-quoted and has its case preserved. The function returns a value suitably formatted for passing to the sequence functions (see <A HREF="functions-sequence.html" >Section 9.15</A >). This association can be modified or removed with <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >ALTER SEQUENCE OWNED BY</TT >. (The function probably should have been called <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_owned_sequence</CODE >; its name reflects the fact that it's typically used with <TT CLASS="TYPE" >serial</TT > or <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigserial</TT > columns.) </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_get_userbyid</CODE > extracts a role's name given its OID. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_tablespace_databases</CODE > allows a tablespace to be examined. It returns the set of OIDs of databases that have objects stored in the tablespace. If this function returns any rows, the tablespace is not empty and cannot be dropped. To display the specific objects populating the tablespace, you will need to connect to the databases identified by <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_tablespace_databases</CODE > and query their <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >pg_class</TT > catalogs. </P ><A NAME="AEN16377" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16379" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16381" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16383" ></A ><P > The functions shown in <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-INFO-COMMENT-TABLE" >Table 9-48</A > extract comments previously stored with the <A HREF="sql-comment.html" ><I >COMMENT</I ></A > command. A null value is returned if no comment could be found matching the specified parameters. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-INFO-COMMENT-TABLE" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-48. Comment Information Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >col_description</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >table_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >column_number</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get comment for a table column</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >obj_description</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >object_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >catalog_name</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get comment for a database object</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >obj_description</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >object_oid</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get comment for a database object (<SPAN CLASS="emphasis" ><I CLASS="EMPHASIS" >deprecated</I ></SPAN >)</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >shobj_description</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >object_oid</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >catalog_name</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >get comment for a shared database object</TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >col_description</CODE > returns the comment for a table column, which is specified by the OID of its table and its column number. <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >obj_description</CODE > cannot be used for table columns since columns do not have OIDs of their own. </P ><P > The two-parameter form of <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >obj_description</CODE > returns the comment for a database object specified by its OID and the name of the containing system catalog. For example, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >obj_description(123456,'pg_class')</TT > would retrieve the comment for a table with OID 123456. The one-parameter form of <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >obj_description</CODE > requires only the object OID. It is now deprecated since there is no guarantee that OIDs are unique across different system catalogs; therefore, the wrong comment could be returned. </P ><P > <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >shobj_description</CODE > is used just like <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >obj_description</CODE > only that it is used for retrieving comments on shared objects. Some system catalogs are global to all databases within each cluster and their descriptions are stored globally as well. </P ><A NAME="AEN16444" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16446" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16448" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16450" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16452" ></A ><A NAME="AEN16454" ></A ><P > The functions shown in <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-TXID-SNAPSHOT" >Table 9-49</A > export server internal transaction information to user level. The main use of these functions is to determine which transactions were committed between two snapshots. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-TXID-SNAPSHOT" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-49. Transaction IDs and snapshots</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >txid_current</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigint</TT ></TD ><TD >get current transaction ID</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >txid_current_snapshot</CODE >()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >txid_snapshot</TT ></TD ><TD >get current snapshot</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >txid_snapshot_xmin</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >txid_snapshot</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigint</TT ></TD ><TD >get xmin of snapshot</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >txid_snapshot_xmax</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >txid_snapshot</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigint</TT ></TD ><TD >get xmax of snapshot</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >txid_snapshot_xip</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >txid_snapshot</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >setof bigint</TT ></TD ><TD >get in-progress transaction IDs in snapshot</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >txid_visible_in_snapshot</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >bigint</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >txid_snapshot</TT >)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >boolean</TT ></TD ><TD >is transaction ID visible in snapshot?</TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > The internal transaction ID type (<TT CLASS="TYPE" >xid</TT >) is 32 bits wide and so it wraps around every 4 billion transactions. However, these functions export a 64-bit format that is extended with an <SPAN CLASS="QUOTE" >"epoch"</SPAN > counter so that it will not wrap around for the life of an installation. The data type used by these functions, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >txid_snapshot</TT >, stores information about transaction ID visibility at a particular moment in time. Its components are described in <A HREF="functions-info.html#FUNCTIONS-TXID-SNAPSHOT-PARTS" >Table 9-50</A >. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-TXID-SNAPSHOT-PARTS" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-50. Snapshot components</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Name</TH ><TH >Description</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >xmin</TT ></TD ><TD > Earliest transaction ID (txid) that is still active. All earlier transactions will either be committed and visible, or rolled back and dead. </TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >xmax</TT ></TD ><TD > First as-yet-unassigned txid. All txids later than this one are not yet started as of the time of the snapshot, and thus invisible. </TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >xip_list</TT ></TD ><TD > Active txids at the time of the snapshot. All of them are between <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >xmin</TT > and <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >xmax</TT >. A txid that is <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >xmin <= txid < xmax</TT > and not in this list was already completed at the time of the snapshot, and thus either visible or dead according to its commit status. </TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >txid_snapshot</TT >'s textual representation is <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >xmin</I ></TT >:<TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >xmax</I ></TT >:<TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >xip_list</I ></TT ></TT >. For example <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >10:20:10,14,15</TT > means <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >xmin=10, xmax=20, xip_list=10, 14, 15</TT >. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-srf.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-admin.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Set Returning Functions</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >System Administration Functions</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >