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>Chapter 4. Configure the boot loader</TD
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><H1
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURE-BOOT-LOADER-LILO"
></A
>4.1. Configure the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> boot
loader</H1
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> is the Linux Boot Loader used
on Intel machines. Other boot loaders for Intel machines exist,
common alternatives are <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>GRUB</SPAN
> and
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>SYSLINUX</SPAN
>. Equivalents to
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> exist for other processor
architectures, their names are usually some play upon
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"LILO"</SPAN
>.</P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> is documented in the
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>lilo(8)</I
> and
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>lilo.conf(5)</I
> manual pages; the
<I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> Generic boot loader for
Linux … User's Guide</I
> found in the file
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr/share/doc/lilo…/doc/User_Guide.ps</TT
>;
and the <A
HREF="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/mini/LILO.html"
TARGET="_top"
><I
CLASS="CITETITLE"
>LILO
mini-HOWTO</I
></A
>.</P
><P
>The <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> configuration is kept in
the file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/lilo.conf</TT
>. The first part of
the file applies to all images. The following parts are
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>image</TT
> descriptions for each kernel.</P
><P
>Set <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> to use the serial port.
The syntax of the serial line parameters follows that used by the
kernel.</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURE-BOOT-LOADER-LILO-SYNTAX"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 4-1. Syntax of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>LILO</SPAN
>
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>serial</B
> command, in
<SPAN
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>EBNF</SPAN
></B
></P
><P
CLASS="LITERALLAYOUT"
>serial=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><serial_port></I
></TT
>[,<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><speed></I
></TT
>[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><parity></I
></TT
>[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><data></I
></TT
>]]]</P
></DIV
><P
>Where the variables are the same as used by the kernel (shown
in <A
HREF="preparation-setspeed.html#PREPARATION-SETSPEED-MODESYNTAX"
>Figure 2-7</A
>) and:</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURE-BOOT-LOADER-LILO-EBNF"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 4-2. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>LILO</SPAN
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>serial</B
>
<SPAN
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>EBNF</SPAN
> variables</B
></P
><P
CLASS="LITERALLAYOUT"
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><serial_port></I
></TT
> ::= <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0</TT
> | <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1</TT
>| … | <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>3</TT
></P
></DIV
><P
>Our examples use <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/ttyS0</TT
>, which
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> knows as port
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>0</TT
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="FIGURE"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURE-BOOT-LOADER-LILO-CONFIGURATION"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 4-3. <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> boot loader sample configuration</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>serial=0,9600n8
timeout=100
restricted
password=<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>PASSWORD</I
></TT
></PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>The parameters <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>restricted</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>password</TT
> are used to avoid someone dialing in,
booting the machine, and stepping around the Linux access
permissions by typing:</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURE-BOOT-LOADER-LILO-HACK"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-1. Using kernel parameters to avoid access permissions</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>LILO:</TT
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>linux init=/sbin/sash</B
></PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>The password should be good, as it can be used to gain
<SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>root</SPAN
> access. The
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> password is stored in plain text in
the configuration file, so it should never be the same as any other
password. The permissions on the configuration file should be set
so that only <SPAN
CLASS="SYSTEMITEM"
>root</SPAN
> can
read <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/lilo.conf</TT
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALFIGURE"
><A
NAME="AEN922"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
><TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>bash#</TT
> <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chmod u=rw,go= /etc/lilo.conf</B
></PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> has an option to display a
boot message. This does not work with serial consoles. Remove any
lines like:</P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALFIGURE"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURE-BOOT-LOADER-LILO-REMOVE-MESSAGE"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>message=/boot/message</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> is now configured to use the
serial console. The kernels booted from
<SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>LILO</SPAN
> are yet to be configured to use the
serial console.</P
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