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howto-html-en-20080722-2mdv2010.1.noarch.rpm

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><DIV
CLASS="sect1"
><H1
CLASS="sect1"
><A
NAME="testbed"
></A
>4. Test bed</H1
><P
>Now you should have a working MIPL patched kernel, installed
  userlevel tools and enabled automatic startup at boot. If anything
  went wrong, go through the above sections carefully.</P
><DIV
CLASS="sect2"
><H2
CLASS="sect2"
><A
NAME="testcase"
></A
>4.1. Testcase</H2
><P
>The addresses we are using in our test-bed are
    site-local. You may as well use global addresses, but do
    <EM
>note that link local addresses won't work!</EM
>
    Our test-bed consist of four nodes; see figure 
    <A
HREF="testbed.html#mipv6testbed"
>"Mobile IPv6 testbed"</A
>.</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
><EM
>HA - Home Agent:</EM
> The HA is located at the home
        network with address <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>fec0:106:2700::2</B
></TT
>,
        with one wireless interface.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>MN - Mobile Node:</EM
> When MN is on the
	<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"home network"</SPAN
>, it has address
	<TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>fec0:106:2700::4</B
></TT
>. When MN travels to 
	another network, it generates a new <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"care-of"</SPAN
> address.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>R - Router:</EM
> This is the router from
	the home network to the internet. It has one wireless interface with
	address <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>fec0:106:2700::1</B
></TT
> and a wired
	interface with address <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>fec0:106:2300::2</B
></TT
>.
	</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>AR - Access Router:</EM
> The link
	between AR and R is our <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"internet"</SPAN
> - but in this
	testcase only a	cross-cable (can be any network). The AR has
	two interfaces; the wired interface to R has address
	<TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>fec0:106:2300::1</B
></TT
>, the wireless has
	address <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>fec0:106:1100::1</B
></TT
>.</P
></LI
></OL
><DIV
CLASS="mediaobject"
><P
><IMG
SRC="images/mipv6-testbed.png"
ALIGN="center"
WIDTH="550px"><DIV
CLASS="caption"
><P
>Mobile IPv6 testbed</P
></DIV
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect2"
><H2
CLASS="sect2"
><A
NAME="stepbystep"
></A
>4.2. Step-by-step configuration</H2
><DIV
CLASS="sect3"
><H3
CLASS="sect3"
><A
NAME="fullyipv6"
></A
>4.2.1. Setting up a fully functional IPv6 network</H3
><P
>Before we can start testing mobile IP, we need a fully
      functional IPv6 network. All the nodes should be able to ping
      each other. <EM
>This is a crucial part.</EM
> If, for
      example, AR is not able to ping HA, then there will be no binding
      update.</P
><P
>I will give a brief instruction to get our network up and
      running  using IPv6. For more info on setting up an IPv6 network,
      you can read Peter Bieringer's excellent <A
HREF="http://ldp.linux.no/HOWTO/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/"
TARGET="_top"
>Linux IPv6
      HOWTO</A
>.</P
><P
>I've turned off encryption for simplicity - <EM
>NOTE that you
      should ALWAYS use encryption when dealing with wireless
      networks!</EM
></P
><P
><EM
>Also note that the different wireless networks
      have different ESSIDs!</EM
></P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
><EM
>MN:</EM
> The Mobile Node has one wireless
          interface. Forwarding should be turned off, but should accept
          autoconf and ra's:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;          # iwconfig eth0 mode ad-hoc essid homenet enc off
          # ifconfig eth0 inet6 add fec0:106:2700::4/64
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/forwarding
          # echo "1" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/autoconf
          # echo "1" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra
          # echo "1" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_redirects
          # /etc/init.d/mobile-ip6 start
          </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>HA:</EM
> The Home Agent has one
          wireless interface. It should have forwarding turned on
          because it uses normal routing to deliver packets captured
          from a physical interface to the virtual tunnel
          interface. <EM
>Note: You must add a default route or else
          HA will have problem contacting the MN on visited LAN's. One
          possible solution is to use HA as the default router of the
          home network.</EM
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;          # iwconfig eth0 mode ad-hoc essid homenet enc off
          # ifconfig eth0 inet6 add fec0:106:2700::2/64
          # echo "1" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/forwarding
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/autoconf
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_ra
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/accept_redirects
          # ip route add ::/0 via fec0:106:2700::1
          # /etc/init.d/mobile-ip6 start
          </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>R:</EM
> The (home) Router has two
          interfaces; one wireless and one line. The Router must have
          forwarding turned on. </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;          # ifconfig eth0 inet6 add fec0:106:2300::2/64
          # iwconfig eth1 mode ad-hoc essid homenet enc off
          # ifconfig eth1 inet6 add fec0:106:2700::1/64
          # echo "1" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/autoconf
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_ra
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_redirects
          # ip route add fec0:106:1100::/64 via fec0:106:2300::1
          </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>AR:</EM
> The Access Router (on a foreign
          network) also has two interfaces; one wireless and one
          line. Forwarding must be turned on.</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;          # ifconfig eth0 inet6 add fec0:106:2300::1/64
          # iwconfig eth1 mode ad-hoc essid visitnet enc off
          # ifconfig eth1 inet6 add fec0:106:1100::1/64
          # echo "1" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/autoconf
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_ra
          # echo "0" &#62; /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_redirects
          # ip route add fec0:106:2700::/64 via fec0:106:2300::2
          </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
></OL
><P
>Instead of modifying proc variables, you can use
     <EM
>sysctl</EM
>.</P
><P
>Note: We are setting static routes on our test-bed. You
     should now be able to ping all the hosts from every host.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect3"
><H3
CLASS="sect3"
><A
NAME="confmipv6"
></A
>4.2.2. Configuring Mobile IPv6</H3
><P
>The last configuration is MIPv6 settings in
     <TT
CLASS="filename"
>network-mip6.conf</TT
>. In Debian/Slackware the 
     file is found under <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/</TT
>. (RedHat the file
     is found under <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/sysconfig/</TT
>.) The file  
     should be pretty self-explanatory. </P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
><EM
>HA:</EM
> The HA config file should
	  contain these settings:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # cat /etc/network-mip6.conf
    
    # Home Agent configuration file
    FUNCTIONALITY=ha
    DEBUGLEVEL=1
    MIN_TUNNEL_NR=1
    MAX_TUNNEL_NR=5
    TUNNEL_SITELOCAL=yes
          </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>MN:</EM
> The MN config file should
          look like this:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;     # cat /etc/network-mip6.conf

     # Mobile Node configuration file
     FUNCTIONALITY=mn
     DEBUGLEVEL=1
     TUNNEL_SITELOCAL=yes
     MIN_TUNNEL_NR=1
     MAX_TUNNEL_NR=3
     HOMEDEV=mip6mnha1     
     HOMEADDRESS=fec0:106:2700::4/64  # MN's home adress
     HOMEAGENT=fec0:106:2700::2/64    # HA's address
          </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
>Next, start mobile-IP:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # /etc/init.d/mobile-ip6 start
    Starting Mobile IPv6: OK
            </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
></OL
><P
>You can verify that it started by doing a
    <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>ifconfig</B
></TT
> on HA. If the tunnel(s) comes up,
    <TT
CLASS="varname"
>ip6tnl1</TT
>, mobile-ip6 is started:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13; # ifconfig
 eth1     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:02:2D:2D:DE:79  
          inet6 addr: fec0:106:2700::2/64 Scope:Site
          inet6 addr: fe80::202:2dff:fe2d:de79/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:618 errors:6 dropped:6 overruns:0 frame:6
          TX packets:1485 errors:22 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 
          RX bytes:87914 (85.8 KiB)  TX bytes:252596 (246.6 KiB)
          Interrupt:3 Base address:0x100 

 ip6tnl1  Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 <A
NAME="tunnel1"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/1.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(1)"></A
>
          UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1460  Metric:1
          RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:576 (576.0 b)  TX bytes:624 (624.0 b)

 ip6tnl2  Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 <A
NAME="tunnel2"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/2.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(2)"></A
>
          UP RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1460  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

 lo       Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:560 (560.0 b)  TX bytes:560 (560.0 b)
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="calloutlist"
><DL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><DT
><A
HREF="testbed.html#tunnel1"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/1.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(1)"></A
></DT
><DD
>The tunnel is up and ready for connections.</DD
><DT
><A
HREF="testbed.html#tunnel2"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/2.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(2)"></A
></DT
><DD
>Another tunnel ready.</DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
>You will also see the mipv6 kernel modules are loaded (MN):</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # lsmod
    Module                  Size  Used by    Not tainted
    mip6_mn                59888   0  (unused)
    ipv6_tunnel            11448   1  [mip6_mn]
    mip6_base              40728   0  [mip6_mn]
    ipv6                  179764  -1  [mip6_mn ipv6_tunnel mip6_base]
    ...
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect3"
><H3
CLASS="sect3"
><A
NAME="ARradvd"
></A
>4.2.3. Configuring radvd on AR</H3
><P
>When MN comes to a new network, it does a link-local address
     configuration, going to the next phase if that succeeds. I'll let
     <A
HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462.txt"
TARGET="_top"
>[RFC2462]</A
>
     (IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration) describe the next
     phase:</P
><P
>&#13;     <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"The next phase of autoconfiguration involves obtaining a Router
     Advertisement or determining that no routers are present. If routers 
     are present, they will send Router Advertisements that specify what
     sort of autoconfiguration a host should do.  If no routers are
     present, stateful autoconfiguration should be invoked."</SPAN
></P
><P
>&#13;    <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Routers send Router Advertisements periodically, but the delay
    between successive advertisements will generally be longer than a
    host performing autoconfiguration will want to wait. To
    obtain an advertisement quickly, a host sends one or more Router 
    Solicitations to the all-routers multicast group."</SPAN
>  --- page 8</P
><P
>This is where we use
    <A
HREF="http://v6web.litech.org/radvd/"
TARGET="_top"
>RADVD</A
>.</P
><P
>Read <A
HREF="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462.txt"
TARGET="_top"
>[RFC2462]</A
>
    more more details concerning IPv6 Stateless Address
    Autoconfiguration.</P
><P
>We'll configure RADVD on AR's wireless interface. The
    <TT
CLASS="filename"
>radvd.conf</TT
> file should contain this:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # cat /etc/radvd.conf
    interface eth1
    {
          AdvSendAdvert on;
          AdvIntervalOpt on;

          MinRtrAdvInterval 3;
          MaxRtrAdvInterval 10;
          AdvHomeAgentFlag off;

          prefix fec0:106:1100::/64
          {
              AdvOnLink on;
              AdvAutonomous on;
              AdvRouterAddr on;
          };
    };
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>We then start it:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # /etc/init.d/radvd start
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>You should now be able to use <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>radvdump</B
></TT
> to
    see that the radvd messages really are being sent periodically:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # radvdump
    Router advertisement from fe80::202:2dff:fe54:d1b2 (hoplimit 255)
    Received by interface eth1
          # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump
          AdvCurHopLimit: 64
          AdvManagedFlag: off
          AdvOtherConfigFlag: off
          AdvHomeAgentFlag: off
          AdvReachableTime: 0
          AdvRetransTimer: 0
          Prefix fec0:106:1100::/64
                  AdvValidLifetime: 2592000
                  AdvPreferredLifetime: 604800
                  AdvOnLink: on
                  AdvAutonomous: on
                  AdvRouterAddr: off
          AdvSourceLLAddress: 00 02 2D 54 D1 B2
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
><EM
>Note! When using radvd on HA and enabling
    <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"autoconf"</SPAN
> (in proc), you will also get an
    autogenerated IPv6 address on MN (which is superfluous) in
    addition to your static address:</EM
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect3"
><H3
CLASS="sect3"
><A
NAME="radvdar"
></A
>4.2.4. Configuring radvd on HA</H3
><P
>&#13;       To enable the MN to know when it's home, HA should also be sending
       out RAs. We should therefore enable RADVD on the HA as well. The
       <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/radvd.conf</TT
> file should contain: 
      </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;     # cat /etc/radvd.conf
     interface eth0
     {
        AdvSendAdvert on;
        MaxRtrAdvInterval 3;
        MinRtrAdvInterval 1;
        AdvIntervalOpt off;
        AdvHomeAgentFlag on;
        HomeAgentLifetime 10000;
        HomeAgentPreference 20;
        AdvHomeAgentInfo on;
        prefix fec0:106:2700::2/64
        {
          AdvRouterAddr on;
          AdvOnLink on;
          AdvAutonomous on;
          AdvPreferredLifetime 10000;
          AdvValidLifetime 12000;
        };
      };
      </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>Also do a <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>radvdump</B
></TT
> on HA to check
    whether radvd messages are beeing sent:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # radvdump 
    Router advertisement from fe80::202:2dff:fe54:d11e (hoplimit 255)
    Received by interface eth0
        # Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump
        AdvCurHopLimit: 64
        AdvManagedFlag: off
        AdvOtherConfigFlag: off
        AdvHomeAgentFlag: on
        AdvReachableTime: 0
        AdvRetransTimer: 0
        Prefix fec0:106:2700::2/64
                AdvValidLifetime: 12000
                AdvPreferredLifetime: 10000
                AdvOnLink: on
                AdvAutonomous: on
                AdvRouterAddr: on
        AdvSourceLLAddress: 00 02 2D 54 D1 1E 
        AdvHomeAgentInfo:
                HomeAgentPreference: 20
                HomeAgentLifetime: 1000
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>&#13;    # ifconfig eth0
    eth0  Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:90:7D:F3:03:1A  
          inet6 addr: fec0:106:2700:0:290:7dff:fef3:31a/64 Scope:Site <A
NAME="newaddress"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/1.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(1)"></A
>
          inet6 addr: fec0:106:2700::4/64 Scope:Site                  <A
NAME="staticadr"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/2.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(2)"></A
>
          inet6 addr: fe80::290:7dff:fef3:31a/64 Scope:Link           <A
NAME="linkaddrs"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/3.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(3)"></A
>
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:513 errors:89 dropped:89 overruns:0 frame:85
          TX packets:140 errors:41 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 
          RX bytes:56084 (54.7 Kb)  TX bytes:19212 (18.7 Kb)
          Interrupt:3 Base address:0x100
    </PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="calloutlist"
><DL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><DT
><A
HREF="testbed.html#newaddress"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/1.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(1)"></A
></DT
><DD
>A new (superfluous) autogenerated address. Since we are
        setting <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>autoconf</B
></TT
> in
        <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/eth0/autoconf</B
></TT
>
        to <TT
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>1</B
></TT
>, MN will generate a new adress
        combined with HA's prefix and it's own MAC address. I do not
        think is it possible to avoid having this address generated.</DD
><DT
><A
HREF="testbed.html#staticadr"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/2.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(2)"></A
></DT
><DD
>Our original static IPv6 address</DD
><DT
><A
HREF="testbed.html#linkaddrs"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/3.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(3)"></A
></DT
><DD
>The link-local address generated at boot.</DD
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