<HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >USB Flash Memory HOWTO</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE=" Purpose" HREF="purpose.html"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="article" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="ARTICLE" ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="title" ><A NAME="AEN2" ></A >USB Flash Memory HOWTO</H1 ><H3 CLASS="author" ><A NAME="AEN4" > Niko Sauer</A ></H3 ><DIV CLASS="affiliation" ><SPAN CLASS="orgname" > Unit of Advanced Study<BR></SPAN ><SPAN CLASS="orgdiv" > University of Pretoria, South Africa<BR></SPAN ><DIV CLASS="address" ><P CLASS="address" ><br> <TT CLASS="email" ><<A HREF="mailto: nikos@friedrichs.up.ac.za" > nikos@friedrichs.up.ac.za</A >></TT ><br> </P ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="revhistory" ><TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" ><TR ><TH ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN="3" ><B >Revision History</B ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revision 0.06</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >2004-03-10</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revised by: ns</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="3" >Added section on Linux-2.6.</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revision 0.05</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >2003-12-26</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revised by: ejh</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="3" >Technical review.</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revision 0.04</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >2003-12-11</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revised by: ns</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="3" ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revision 0.03</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >2003-12-02</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revised by: ejh</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="3" >Technical review.</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revision 0.02</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >2003-10-30</TD ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" >Revised by: ns</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="3" >Changed 2003-11-20</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV ><DIV CLASS="abstract" ><A NAME="AEN37" ></A ><P ></P ><P > This document describes procedures for installing USB Flash Memory devices and the way of formatting them for various file systems such as vfat (the way they usually come) and ext2 (the way they fit in better with Linux). It is also described how to partition the device in two sections with different file types. </P ><P ></P ></DIV ></DIV ><HR></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >1. <A HREF="purpose.html" >Purpose</A ></DT ><DT >2. <A HREF="physical.html" >Physical devices</A ></DT ><DT >3. <A HREF="buying.html" >Buying a memory stick</A ></DT ><DT >4. <A HREF="reading.html" >Reading</A ></DT ><DT >5. <A HREF="hardware.html" >Hardware and kernel</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >5.1. <A HREF="hardware.html#setup" >Setup</A ></DT ><DT >5.2. <A HREF="hardware.html#kernel" >Kernel options</A ></DT ><DT >5.3. <A HREF="hardware.html#notes" >Notes</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >6. <A HREF="basics.html" >Some basic concepts</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >6.1. <A HREF="basics.html#proc" >The /proc filesystem</A ></DT ><DT >6.2. <A HREF="basics.html#scsidev" >SCSI devices</A ></DT ><DT >6.3. <A HREF="basics.html#usbfs" >The USB device filesystem</A ></DT ><DT >6.4. <A HREF="basics.html#ext2fs" >The ext2 filesystem</A ></DT ><DT >6.5. <A HREF="basics.html#vfatfs" >The vfat filesystem</A ></DT ><DT >6.6. <A HREF="basics.html#options" >Explanation of command options</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >7. <A HREF="verifications.html" >Basic verifications</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >7.1. <A HREF="verifications.html#quick" >A quick check</A ></DT ><DT >7.2. <A HREF="verifications.html#proc-probe" >Probing the /proc filesystem</A ></DT ><DT >7.3. <A HREF="verifications.html#mounting" >Mounting the USB filesystem</A ></DT ><DT >7.4. <A HREF="verifications.html#tests" >Tests -- vfat</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >8. <A HREF="ext2.html" >Setting up an Ext2 filesystem</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >8.1. <A HREF="ext2.html#partition" >Partitioning</A ></DT ><DT >8.2. <A HREF="ext2.html#making-ext2" >Making an ext2 device</A ></DT ><DT >8.3. <A HREF="ext2.html#tests4" >Tests -- ext2</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >9. <A HREF="mixed.html" >Setting up a dual partition</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >9.1. <A HREF="mixed.html#double-partition" >Partitioning</A ></DT ><DT >9.2. <A HREF="mixed.html#both" >Making a dual ext2/vfat system</A ></DT ><DT >9.3. <A HREF="mixed.html#mixed-tests" >Tests -- ext2 and vfat</A ></DT ><DT >9.4. <A HREF="mixed.html#config-linux" >Configuring Linux for the dual partition</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >10. <A HREF="users.html" >Making the memory stick accessible to users</A ></DT ><DT >11. <A HREF="maintain.html" >Maintenance</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >11.1. <A HREF="maintain.html#fs-inspect" >Filesystem inspection</A ></DT ><DT >11.2. <A HREF="maintain.html#and-then" >And then?</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >12. <A HREF="linux-2.6.html" >The Linux-2.6 kernel</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >12.1. <A HREF="linux-2.6.html#What-is-new" >What is new?</A ></DT ><DT >12.2. <A HREF="linux-2.6.html#kernel-options" >Kernel options</A ></DT ><DT >12.3. <A HREF="linux-2.6.html#notes-2.6" >Notes</A ></DT ><DT >12.4. <A HREF="linux-2.6.html#hotplug" >Hotplugging and Naming</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >13. <A HREF="formal.html" >Formalities</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >13.1. <A HREF="formal.html#copyright" >Copyright Information</A ></DT ><DT >13.2. <A HREF="formal.html#disclaimer" >Disclaimer</A ></DT ><DT >13.3. <A HREF="formal.html#credits" >Credits</A ></DT ><DT >13.4. <A HREF="formal.html#feedback" >Feedback</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="purpose.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Purpose</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >