NFS-Root Mini-Howto Andreas Kostyrka, andreas@ag.or.at V8, 8 Áõãïýóôïõ 1997 Áõôü ôï mini-HOWTO ðñïóðáèåß íá åîçãÞóåé ðþò íá óôÞóïõìå Ýíáí Linux workstation (ws) ÷ùñßò äßóêïõò-äéóêÝôåò (diskless), ðïõ êÜíåé mount ôá root filesystems ôïõ ìÝóù ôïõ NFS. ÊÜèå íåþôåñç Ýêäïóç áõôïý ôïõ mini-Howto èá âñßóêåôáé ðÜíôá óôï ftp://sun- site.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/NFS-Root , Þ óôïí ðëçóéÝóôåñï óå óáò mirror ôïõ SunSite. ______________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1. Copyright 1.1 Ðïéïé óõíåéóÝöåñáí 2. ÃåíéêÞ èåþñçóç 3. Ñõèìßóåéò óôïí server 3.1 ÊÜíïíôáò compile óôïõò ðõñÞíåò 3.2 Äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ root filesystem 3.2.1 ÁíôéãñÜöïíôáò ôï filesystem 3.2.2 ÁëëáãÝò óôï root filesystem 3.2.3 ÊÜíïíôáò export ôï filesystem 3.2.4 Ñýèìéóç ôïõ RARP 3.2.5 Ñýèìéóç ôïõ BOOTP 3.2.6 Âñßóêïíôáò ôéò hardware äéåõèýíóåéò ôùí êáñôþí 4. BootÜñïíôáò ôïí workstation 4.1 ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéÜ boot eprom 4.2 ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéÜ äéóêÝôá óêÝôïõ ðõñÞíá 4.3 ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíáí bootloader & ôï 4.4 ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíáí bootloader ÷ùñßò ôï 5. ÃíùóôÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá 5.1 Ôï /sbin/init äåí îåêéíÜåé. 5.2 ÐñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôï /dev . 6. ¶ëëá èÝìáôá ______________________________________________________________________ [1m1. Copyright[0m (c) 1996 Andreas Kostyrka (e9207884@student.tuwien.ac.at , Þ andreas@ag.or.at) Åêôüò êé áí åêöñáóôåß äéáöïñåôéêÜ, ôá êåßìåíá Linux HOWTO åßíáé êáôï÷õñùìÝíá áðü ôïõò áíôßóôïé÷ïõò óõããñáöåßò ôïõò. Ôá êåßìåíá áõôÜ åðéôñÝðåôáé í' áíáðáñá÷èïýí êáé íá äéáíåìçèïýí ïëüêëçñá Þ êáôÜ ìÝñç, ìå ïðïéïäÞðïôå ìç÷áíéêü Þ çëåêôñïíéêü ìÝóïí, üóï áõôÞ åäþ ç óçìåßùóç ãéÜ ôï copyright äéáôçñåßôáé åðÜíù óå êÜèå áíôßãñáöï. Ç åìðïñéêÞ äéáíïìÞ åðéôñÝðåôáé êáé åíèáññýíåôáé. Ùóôüóï, ï óõããñáöÝáò åðéèõìåß íá åéäïðïéåßôáé ãéÜ ïðïéáäÞðïôå ôÝôïéá äéáíïìÞ. ¼ëåò ïé ìåôáöñÜóåéò, ðáñÜãùãåò åñãáóßåò, Þ óõëëïãéêÝò åñãáóßåò ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíïõí ïðïéïäÞðïôå êåßìåíï Linux HOWTO, ðñÝðåé íá êáëýðôïíôáé áðü áõôÞí åäþ ôç óçìåßùóç ðåñß copyright. ÄçëáäÞ, äåí åðéôñÝðåôáé íá ðáñÜãåôå ìéÜ åñãáóßá âáóéóìÝíç ó' Ýíá HOWTO, êáé íá åðéâÜëëåôå åðéðñüóèåôïõò ðåñéïñéóìïýò óôç äéáíïìÞ ôçò. ÅîáéñÝóåéò óôïõò ðáñáðÜíù üñïõò ìðïñïýí íá åðéôñáðïýí õðü ïñéóìÝíåò ðñïûðïèÝóåéò. Ðáñáêáëïýìå íá Ýñèåôå ó' åðáöÞ ìå ôïí óõíôïíéóôÞ ôùí Linux HOWTO, óôç äéåýèõíóç ðïõ õðÜñ÷åé ðáñáêÜôù. Óå óõíôïìßá : Åðéèõìïýìå íá ðñïùèÞóïõìå ôéò ðëçñïöïñßåò ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïíôáé óôçí åñãáóßá áõôÞ, ìå üóï ôï äõíáôüí ðåñéóóüôåñá ìÝóá. Ùóôüóï, åðßóçò åðéèõìïýìå íá êñáôÞóïõìå ôï copyright ôùí êåéìÝíùí HOWTO, êáé èá èÝëáìå íá åéäïðïéïýìáóôå ãéÜ ïðïéáäÞðïôå ó÷Ýäéá äéáíïìÞò ôùí HOWTOs. ÅÜí Ý÷åôå áðïñßåò, ðáñáêáëïýìå íá Ýñèåôå ó' åðáöÞ ìå ôïí Andreas Kostyrka <mailto:andreas@ag.or.at>, ôïí óõããñáöÝá áõôïý åäþ ôïõ mini- HOWTO, Þ ôïí Tim Bynum, ôïí óõíôïíéóôÞ ôùí Linux HOWTO's, óôç äéåýèõíóç <mailto:linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu> ìÝóù email. [1m1.1. Ðïéïé óõíåéóÝöåñáí[0m · Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@foxnet.net> (ðþò íá bootÜñïõìå ÷ùñßò [1mLILO[22m) · Ofer Maor <ofer@hadar.co.il> (Ýäùóå Ýíá êáëýôåñï mini howto åðÜíù óôï ðþò íá óôÞíïõìå diskless workstations.) · Christian Leutloff <leutloff@sundancer.tng.oche.de> (Ýäùóå ðëçñïöïñßåò ó÷åôéêÝò ìå ôï netboot.) [1m2. ÃåíéêÞ èåþñçóç[0m ÃåíéêÜ, õðÜñ÷ïõí ôá ðáñáêÜôù ðñïâëÞìáôá ãéÜ Ýíáí ws : · ÐñÝðåé íá âñåé ôç äéêÞ ôïõ äéåýèõíóç IP, êáé - áí ÷ñåéáóôåß - ôéò õðüëïéðåò ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ Ethernet. · ÐñÝðåé íá ãíùñßæåé ôï [4mNFS[24m-server êáé ôï mount path ãéÜ ôï root filesystem ôïõ. Ç ôùñéíÞ õëïðïßçóç ôïõ [4mNFSROOT[24m óôïí ðõñÞíá ôïõ Linux (Ýêäïóç 1.3.7x) åðéôñÝðåé ôéò áêüëïõèåò ëýóåéò : · Ç äéåýèõíóç IP ìðïñåß íá âñåèåß áðü ôï [4mRARP[24m, Þ ç ðëÞñçò ñýèìéóç ôïõ Ethernet ìðïñåß íá ðåñáóôåß óôïí ðõñÞíá ìÝóù ðáñáìÝôñùí (ôïõ ðõñÞíá), áðü ôï [1mLILO [22m, Þ ôï [1mLOADLIN[22m. · Ôï mounting path ôïõ [4mNFS[24m ìðïñåß íá ðåñáóôåß ìå ðáñáìÝôñïõò ôïõ ÅÜí äåí ãßíåé Ýôóé, ï ðõñÞíáò õðïèÝôåé üôé ôï [4mRARP[24m-server åßíáé åðßóçò [4mNFS[24m-server, êáé ÷ñçóéìïðïéåß ôï default compiled ìÝóá ôïõ path. (Ç ôñÝ÷ïõóá default ôéìÞ óôïí ðõñÞíá åßíáé ç : /tftpboot/<[4mIP-äéåýèõíóç[0m [4môïõ[24m [4mÇÕ[24m>.) · Ïé ñõèìßóåéò ôïõ client áíåõñßóêïíôáé áðü ôï [4mBOOTP[24m. Ðñéí áñ÷ßóåôå íá óôÞíåôå Ýíá diskless ðåñéâÜëëïí, ðñÝðåé í' áðïöáóßóåôå áí èá bootÜñåôå ìå ôï [1mLILO [22m, Þ ôï [1mLOADLIN[22m. Ôï ðëåïíÝêôçìá åßíáé ç åõåëéîßá, ôï ìåéïíÝêôçìá åßíáé ç ôá÷ýôçôá. Åßíáé ôá÷ýôåñï íá bootÜñïõìå Ýíáí ðõñÞíá ôïõ Linux ÷ùñßò ôï [1mLILO [22m, áëëÜ áõôü ìðïñåß íá ìáò áðáó÷ïëÞóåé, ìðïñåß êáé ü÷é. [1m3. Ñõèìßóåéò óôïí server[0m [1m3.1. ÊÜíïíôáò compile óôïõò ðõñÞíåò[0m Ðéèáíüôáôá ç õðïóôÞñéîç ôïõ [4mRARP[24m ìÝóá óôïí ðõñÞíá ôïõ server íá åßíáé ìéÜ êáëÞ éäÝá. ÐñÝðåé íá ôçí óõìðåñéëÜâåôå, áí åßíáé íá bootÜñåôå ÷ùñßò ðáñáìÝôñïõò ðõñÞíá. Áðü ôçí Üëëç ðëåõñÜ, äåí ðñüêåéôáé íá óáò âïçèÞóåé, áí ï client äåí âñßóêåôáé óôï ßäéï õðïäßêôõï (subnet) ìå ôïí server. Ï ðõñÞíáò ãéÜ ôïí ws ÷ñåéÜæåôáé ôï áêüëïõèï åëÜ÷éóôï óýíïëï äõíáôïôÞôùí compiled ìÝóá ôïõ : · Ôï [4mNFS[24m-filesystem . (Äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé íá Ý÷åé compiled ìÝóá ôïõ ôçí õðïóôÞñéîç ãéÜ [4mext2[24m , Ýíá module åßíáé áñêåôü.) · Ôï "Root on NFS" ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé åíåñãïðïéçìÝíï. · Ôïí Ethernet driver ôçò êÜñôáò äéêôýïõ ôïõ ws. · ÁíÜëïãá ìå ôéò áíÜãêåò óáò, ðéèáíüí íá ðñÝðåé íá ðåñéëÜâåôå õðïóôÞñéîç ãéÜ [4mRARP[24m , Þ [4mBOOTBP[24m ãéÜ ôï NFS-Root. (Ì' áõôü åííïþ ôéò åñùôÞóåéò ðïõ êÜíïõìå ìåôÜ ôçí åñþôçóç ãéÜ ôï NFS óôï make config.) Áí ï ws èá bootÜñåé ÷ùñßò ðáñáìÝôñïõò ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ðñÝðåé åðßóçò íá èÝóåôå ôï root device ùò 0:255. ÊÜíôå ôï áõôü äçìéïõñãþíôáò Ýíá øåýôéêï (dummy) áñ÷åßï device, äßíïíôáò : mknod /dev/nfsroot b 0 255. Áöïý öôéÜîåôå áõôü ôï áñ÷åßï, ìðïñåßôå íá èÝóåôå ôï root device ôïõ image ôïõ ðõñÞíá, ìå : rdev <[4mkernel-image[24m> /dev/nfsroot. [1m3.2. Äçìéïõñãßá ôïõ root filesystem[0m [1m3.2.1. ÁíôéãñÜöïíôáò ôï filesystem[0m [4mÐñïåéäïðïßçóç[24m [4m:[24m [4mÁí[24m [4mêáé[24m [4máõôÝò[24m [4måäþ[24m [4mïé[24m [4mïäçãßåò[24m [4mðéèáíüôáôá[24m [4mèá[24m [4mäïõëÝøïõí[0m [4móôï[24m [4mäéêü[24m [4móáò[24m [4móýóôçìá,[24m [4mäåí[24m [4måßíáé[24m [4mêáèüëïõ[24m [4máõôïíüçôåò[24m [4mãéÜ[24m [4mïðïéïäÞðïôå[0m [4mðåñéâÜëëïí.[24m [4mÃéÜ[24m [4mêáëýôåñïõò[24m [4môñüðïõò[24m [4míá[24m [4móôÞóåôå[24m [4mÝíá[24m [4mroot[24m [4mfilesystem[24m [4mãéÜ[0m [4môïõò[24m [4mclients,[24m [4mäéáâÜóôå[24m [4môï[24m [4mNFS-Root-Client[24m [4mmini[24m [4mhowto[24m [4môïõ[24m [4mOfer[24m [4mMaor[0m <ofer@hadar.co.il>. Áöïý áðïöáóßóåôå ðïý èá âÜëåôå ôï root tree, äçìéïõñãÞóôå ôï ìå (ð÷) : mkdir -p <[4mdirectory[24m> êáé : tar cClf / - | tar xpCf <[4mdirectory[24m> -. Áí bootÜñåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò ÷ùñßò LILO, ôüôå ôï rootdir ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé : /tftpboot/<[4mIP-address[24m>. Áí äåí óáò áñÝóåé, ìðïñåßôå íá ôï áëëÜîåôå áðü ìÝóá áðü ôï åðÜíù-åðÜíù Makefile óôá sources ôïõ ðõñÞíá. ØÜîôå ãéÜ ìéÜ ãñáììÞ óáí áõôÞ : NFS_ROOT = -DNFS_ROOT="\"/tftpboot/%s\"" Áí áëëÜîåôå áõôÞ ôçí ãñáììÞ, ðñÝðåé íá îáíáêÜíåôå compile ôïí ðõñÞíá. [1m3.2.2. ÁëëáãÝò óôï root filesystem[0m Ôþñá áöáéñÝóôå ôá Ü÷ñçóôá áñ÷åßá, êáé åëÝãîôå ôá scripts ôïõ /etc/rc.d . ÌåñéêÜ óçìáíôéêÜ óçìåßá : · ¸íá, ç ñýèìéóç ôïõ eth0. Ï ws óõíÞèùò Ý÷åé Ýíá ñõèìéóìÝíï (ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí ìåñéêþò) eth0. Ôï íá ñõèìßóåôå ôç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ ws åðÜíù óôç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ server, äåí åßíáé êÜôé Ýîõðíï. (ÁëëÜ óõíÝâç óôïí óõããñáöÝá êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ìéáò áðü ôéò ðñþéìåò ðñïóðÜèåéÝò ôïõ.) · ¸íá Üëëï óçìåßï ðñïóï÷Þò, åßíáé ôï /etc/fstab ôïõ ws. ÐñÝðåé íá ñõèìéóôåß ãéÜ nfs filesystems. · [1mÐÑÏÅÉÄÏÐÏÉÇÓÇ [22m: Ìçí óõã÷Ýåôå ôá root filesystems ôïõ server êáé ôïõ ws. (Åß÷á Þäç ñßîåé Ýíá rc.inet1 ðÜíù óôïí server, êáé áðïñïýóá ãéáôß ï server äåí äïýëåõå.) [1m3.2.3. ÊÜíïíôáò export ôï filesystem[0m ÊÜíôå export ôï root dir ðñïò ôïí ws. ÄéáâÜóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ : exports(5). Ðéèáíüôáôá èá ðñÝðåé íá åðáíåêêéíÞóåôå ôï nfsd/mountd ìåôÜ áð' áõôÞ ôçí áëëáãÞ. Ìå ôï RedHat áõôü ãßíåôáé åýêïëá, äßíïíôáò : /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop ; /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start . [1m3.2.4. Ñýèìéóç ôïõ RARP[0m Ñõèìßóôå ôï [4mRARP[24m êÜðïõ åðÜíù óôï äßêôõï. Áí bootÜñåôå ÷ùñßò ðáñÜìåôñï nfsroot, ï server ôïõ [4mRARP[24m ðñÝðåé íá åßíáé êáé ï server ôïõ [4mNFS[24m . (ÓõíÞèùò åßíáé.) ÃéÜ íá ôï åðéôý÷åôå áõôü, ðñÝðåé íá ôñÝîåôå Ýíáí ðõñÞíá ìå õðïóôÞñéîç [4mRARP[24m . ÃéÜ íá ôï êÜíåôå, äþóôå (êáé åãêáôáóôÞóôå ôï êÜðïõ ìÝóá óôï /etc/rc.d ôïõ server!) : /sbin/rarp -s <[4mip-addr[24m> <[4mhardware-addr[24m> üðïõ : [1mip-addr[0m åßíáé ç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ ws, êáé [1mhardware-addr[0m åßíáé ç äéåýèõíóç Ethernet ôçò êÜñôáò äéêôýïõ ôïõ ws. ðáñÜäåéãìá : /sbin/rarp -s 131.131.90.200 00:00:c0:47:10:12 Ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå Ýíá óõìâïëéêü üíïìá áíôß ôçò äéåýèõíóçò IP, üóï ï server åßíáé éêáíüò íá âñßóêåé ôç äéåýèõíóç áõôÞ. (Ìå øÜîéìï óôï /etc/hosts , Þ óôï [4mDNS[24m .) [1m3.2.5. Ñýèìéóç ôïõ BOOTP[0m ÃéÜ ôç ñýèìéóç ôïõ [4mBOOTP[24m ðñÝðåé íá äéïñèþóåôå ôï /etc/bootptab. Ðáñáêáëþ, óõìâïõëåõôåßôå ôéò man óåëßäåò [4mbootpd(8)[24m êáé [4mbootptab(5)[24m . [1m3.2.6. Âñßóêïíôáò ôéò hardware äéåõèýíóåéò ôùí êáñôþí[0m Äåí îÝñù ðïéá åßíáé ç hardware äéåýèõíóç! Ðþò ôçí âñßóêù; · BootÜñåôå ôç äéóêÝôá ðïõ öôéÜîáôå, êáé ðåñéìÝíåôå ôç ãñáììÞ äéáãíùóôéêþí, üðïõ áíáãíùñßæåôáé ç êÜñôá äéêôýïõ. ÓõíÞèùò ðåñéÝ÷åé 6 äåêáåîáäéêÜ bytes, êáé áõôÞ (ðñÝðåé íá) åßíáé ç hardware äéåýèõíóç ôçò êÜñôáò. · BootÜñåôå ôïí ws ìå êÜðïéï Üëëï ëåéôïõñãéêü, ðïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé äõíáôüôçôá TCP/IP . Ôüôå êÜíôå ping óôïí ws áðü ôïí server. ØÜîôå óôçí cache ôïõ ARP, äßíïíôáò : /sbin/arp -a [1m4. BootÜñïíôáò ôïí workstation[0m [1m4.1. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéÜ boot eprom[0m ÌéÜ ðïõ ðñïóùðéêÜ äåí Ý÷ù áêüìç ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåé Ýíá ôÝôïéï èçñßï, ìðïñþ íá óáò äþóù ìïíÜ÷á ôéò áêüëïõèåò õðïäåßîåéò (÷Üñç óôïí Christian Leutloff <leutloff@sundancer.tng.oche.de>) : · Äåí ìðïñåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå "óõíçèéóìÝíåò" bootroms. · ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá ðñüãñáììá netboot , áðü ôïí Gero Kuhlmann, ðïõ öôéÜ÷íåé bootroms ãéÜ Linux, êáé äßíåé ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò. Ôï netboot åßíáé äéáèÝóéìï áðü ôïí ðëçóéÝóôåñï mirror ôïõ Linux, Þ óáí ðñüãñáììá ìÝóá óôç distribution ôïõ Debian (netboot-0.4). · ÄéáâÜóôå ðñïóåêôéêÜ ôçí ôåêìçñßùóç ôçò boot eprom óáò. · Ðéèáíüôáôá ðñÝðåé íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå ôï tftpd óôïí server, áëëÜ áõôü åîáñôÜôáé áðü ôïí ôñüðï, ìå ôïí ïðïßï ç boot eprom óáò öïñôþíåé ôïí ðõñÞíá. · [4mÊÜèå[24m [4mðëçñïöïñßá[24m [4mãéÜ[24m [4mðùëçôÝò[24m [4mboot[24m [4meproms[24m [4mãéÜ[24m [4môï[24m [4mLinux,[24m [4müðùò[24m [4môéò[0m [4mðåñéãñÜøáìå[24m [4mðáñáðÜíù,[24m [4måßíáé[24m [4måõðñüóäåêôç[24m [4m-[24m [4mêáèþò[24m [4mäåí[24m [4mÝ÷åé[24m [4mï[24m [4mêáèÝíáò[0m [4mðñüóâáóç[24m [4móå[24m [4meprom[24m [4mprogrammer[24m [4m:([24m [4m(åéäéêÜ[24m [4móôçí[24m [4mÅõñþðç,[24m [4müðïõ[24m [4mæù).[24m [4mÔéò[0m [4mðëçñïöïñßåò[24m [4mèá[24m [4môéò[24m [4mðåñéëÜâù[24m [4måäþ[24m [4mìåôÜ.[0m [1m4.2. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ìéÜ äéóêÝôá óêÝôïõ ðõñÞíá[0m Áí Ý÷åôå êÜíåé export ôï root filesystem ìå ôï óùóôü üíïìá ãéÜ ôçí default ïíïìáóßá, êáé ï [4mNFS[24m server óáò åßíáé ôáõôü÷ñïíá êáé [4mRARP[0m server (ðïõ óçìáßíåé üôé ïé ÇÕ âñßóêïíôáé óôï ßäéï õðïäßêôõï), ôüôå ìðïñåßôå áðëÜ íá bootÜñåôå ôïí ðõñÞíá ìå cating óå ìéÜ äéóêÝôá. (ÐñÝðåé íá èÝóåôå ôï root device ôïõ ðõñÞíá ùò 0:255.) Áõôü ðñïûðïèÝôåé üôé ôï root directory óôïí server åßíáé /tftpboot/[4mIP-[0m [4mAddress[24m (áõôÞ ç ôéìÞ ìðïñåß í' áëëÜîåé, üôáí êÜíïõìå compile ôïí ðõñÞíá). [1m4.3. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíáí bootloader & ôï RARP[0m Äþóôå óôïí ðõñÞíá üëåò ôéò áðáñáßôçôåò ðáñáìÝôñïõò êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç, êáé ðñïóèÝóôå : nfsroot=<[4mserver-ip-addr[24m>:<[4m/path/to/mount[24m> , üðïõ : [4mserver-ip-addr[24m åßíáé ç äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ NFS-server óáò, êáé [4m/path/to/mount[24m åßíáé ôï path ðñïò ôï root directory. Õðïäåßîåéò : · ¼ôáí ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôå ôï [1mLILO [22m, óêåöèåßôå íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí éäéüôçôá "lock" : ÁðëÜ ðëçêôñïëïãÞóôå ìéÜ öïñÜ üëåò ôéò óùóôÝò ðáñáìÝôñïõò, êáé ðñïóèÝóôå "lock" . Ôçí åðüìåíç öïñÜ ðïõ èá bootÜñåôå, áöÞóôå ôï LILO íá öôÜóåé óå timeout. · ¼ôáí öôéÜ÷íåôå ìéÜ äéóêÝôá ãéÜ Ýíáí óõãêåêñéìÝíï ws, ìðïñåßôå åðßóçò íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôçí éäéüôçôá append= óôï lilo.conf . [1m4.4. ×ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò Ýíáí bootloader ÷ùñßò ôï RARP[0m Ìáæß ìå ôï nfsroot , äþóôå Ýíá üñéóìá ðõñÞíá óôç ãñáììÞ åíôïëþí : nfsaddrs=<[4mwst-IP[24m>:<[4msrv-IP[24m>:<[4mgw-IP[24m>:<[4mnetm-IP[24m>:<[4mhostname[24m> . Ï ðõñÞíáò èá ñõèìßóåé ôï eth0 ìå ôéò äåäïìÝíåò ðáñáìÝôñïõò : [1mwst-IP[0m Äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ ÇÕ [1msrv-IP[0m Äéåýèõíóç IP ôïõ NFS-server [1mgw-IP[0m gateway [1mnetm-IP[0m netmask [1mhostname[0m üíïìá õðïëïãéóôÞ [1m5. ÃíùóôÜ ðñïâëÞìáôá[0m [1m5.1. Ôï /sbin/init äåí îåêéíÜåé.[0m ¸íá ðïëý óõíçèéóìÝíï ðñüâëçìá ìå ôï /sbin/init åßíáé üôé (ôïõëÜ÷éóôïí) ìåñéêÝò áðü ôéò ðñüóöáôåò distributions Ý÷ïõí ôï /sbin/init linked äõíáìéêÜ. Óõíåðþò, ðñÝðåé íá äþóåôå óùóôÞ ñýèìéóç /lib ãéÜ ôïí client. ÊÜôé åýêïëï ðïõ ìðïñïýìå íá äïêéìÜóïõìå, åßíáé í' áíôéêáôáóôÞóïõìå ôï /sbin/init (ôïõ client) ìå Ýíá óôáôéêÜ linked ðñüãñáììá "Hello World". Ì' áõôüí ôïí ôñüðï èá îÝñåôå áí ðñüêåéôáé ãéÜ êÜôé ðéï èåìåëéþäåò áðü áðëÜ Ýíá ðñüâëçìá ìå ôï äõíáìéêü linking. [1m5.2. ÐñïâëÞìáôá ìå ôï /dev .[0m Áí êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ðáßñíåôå êÜðïéá ìðåñäåìÝíá ìçíýìáôá ãéÜ ôá ttys, ôüôå èá Ýðñåðå íá ôñÝîåôå Ýíá MAKEDEV áðü ôïí client óôï /dev directory. ÕðÜñ÷ïõí öÞìåò üôé áõôü äåí äïõëåýåé ìå êÜðïéá ËÓ ðïõ ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýí 64-bit áñéèìïýò dev. Áí óáò ôý÷åé êÜôé ôÝôïéï, ðáñáêáëþ óôåßëôå ìïõ e-mail ãéÜ ðïéü ËÓ ðñüêåéôáé. ÌéÜ ðéèáíÞ ëýóç åßíáé íá öôéÜîåôå íùñßò óôç äéáäéêáóßá åêêßíçóçò Ýíá ìéêñü /dev ramdisc, êáé íá åðáíåãêáèéóôÜôå ôá device nodes êÜèå öïñÜ. [1m6. ¶ëëá èÝìáôá[0m · ÕðÜñ÷åé Ýíá BOOTP ðñüãñáììá : ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/system/Network/admin/bootpc.v045.tgz Ìå ôïí initrd (ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åôáé óôï Linux 2.0), èá ìðïñïýóáìå íá ôï êÜíïõìå íá äïõëÝøåé áñêåôÜ üìïñöá. Óôçí ðñáãìáôéêüôçôá, ï initrd åßíáé ðÜíôá ìéÜ ðñï÷ùñçìÝíç ëýóç ãéÜ ðéï ëåðôïìåñåßò ñõèìßóåéò. · ÃéÜ åêêéíÞóåéò âáóéóìÝíåò ìïíÜ÷á óôï bootpd, áõôü ðéèáíüôáôá äåí ÷ñåéÜæåôáé, ìéÜ ðïõ ôï Linux 2.0 ðåñéÝ÷åé åðßóçò êáé ôçí äõíáôüôçôá íá ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ôï BOOTP áíôß ôïõ RARP. (ÁêñéâÝóôåñá, ìðïñïýìå íá êÜíïõìå compile êáé ôá äýï óôïí ðõñÞíá, êáé êåñäßæåé üðïéï áðïêñßíåôáé ôá÷ýôåñá.) · Óôï directory ôçò ôåêìçñßùóçò ôïõ source ôïõ kernel, õðÜñ÷åé Ýíá áñ÷åßï ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷åé ôåêìçñßùóç ãéÜ ôï NFS-Root. · ÕðÜñ÷åé êé Ýíá patch ðïõ ôñéãõñíÜåé, ðïõ ìáò åðéôñÝðåé íá êÜíïõìå swapping åðÜíù óôï NFS. Ìïõ ôï óôåßëáíå (êáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ìéáò ðåñéüäïõ, üðïõ åß÷á ðïëëÞ äïõëåéÜ), áëëÜ êáôÜöåñá íá ÷Üóù ôï e- mail. :( Ðéèáíüôáôá èá ôï âñåßôå óôï http://www.linuxhq.com/ , óôï ôìÞìá ìå ôá "áíåðßóçìá" patches. · Ôï public PGP êëåéäß ìïõ ìðïñåßôå íá ôï âñåßôå êÜíïíôáò finger óç äéåýèõíóç andreas@ag.or.at . Ôï áðïôýðùìá åßíáé : F1 F7 43 D5 07 C4 6C 87 BF 6B 33 A2 2C EE 5A F9.