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php-manual-zh-5.2.4-1mdv2008.1.noarch.rpm

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><H1
><A
NAME="function.sprintf"
></A
>sprintf</H1
><DIV
CLASS="refnamediv"
><A
NAME="AEN226835"
></A
><P
>    (PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5)</P
>sprintf&nbsp;--&nbsp;Return a formatted string</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="refsect1"
><A
NAME="AEN226838"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
>string <B
CLASS="methodname"
>sprintf</B
> ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )<BR
></BR
><P
>&#13;     Returns a string produced according to the formatting string
     <CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>format</CODE
>.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     The format string is composed of zero or more directives:
     ordinary characters (excluding <TT
CLASS="literal"
>%</TT
>) that are
     copied directly to the result, and <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>conversion
     specifications</I
></SPAN
>, each of which results in fetching its
     own parameter.  This applies to both <B
CLASS="function"
>sprintf()</B
>
     and <A
HREF="function.printf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>printf()</B
></A
>.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     Each conversion specification consists of a percent sign
     (<TT
CLASS="literal"
>%</TT
>), followed by one or more of these
     elements, in order:
     <P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>&#13;        An optional <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>sign specifier</I
></SPAN
> that forces a sign
        (- or +) to be used on a number. By default, only the - sign is used
        on a number if it's negative. This specifier forces positive numbers
        to have the + sign attached as well, and was added in PHP 4.3.0.
       </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>&#13;        An optional <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>padding specifier</I
></SPAN
> that says
        what character will be used for padding the results to the
        right string size.  This may be a space character or a
        <TT
CLASS="literal"
>0</TT
> (zero character).  The default is to pad
        with spaces.  An alternate padding character can be specified
        by prefixing it with a single quote (<TT
CLASS="literal"
>'</TT
>).
        See the examples below.
       </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>&#13;        An optional <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>alignment specifier</I
></SPAN
> that says
        if the result should be left-justified or right-justified.
        The default is right-justified; a <TT
CLASS="literal"
>-</TT
>
        character here will make it left-justified.
       </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>&#13;        An optional number, a <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>width specifier</I
></SPAN
>
        that says how many characters (minimum) this conversion should
        result in.
       </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>&#13;        An optional <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>precision specifier</I
></SPAN
> that says
        how many decimal digits should be displayed for floating-point
        numbers. When using this specifier on a string, it acts as a
        cutoff point, setting a maximum character limit to the string.
       </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>&#13;        A <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>type specifier</I
></SPAN
> that says what type the
        argument data should be treated as.  Possible types:
        <P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>%</TT
> - a literal percent character. No
          argument is required.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>b</TT
> - the argument is treated as an
          integer, and presented as a binary number.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>c</TT
> - the argument is treated as an
          integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII
          value.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>d</TT
> - the argument is treated as an
          integer, and presented as a (signed) decimal number.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>e</TT
> - the argument is treated as scientific
          notation (e.g. 1.2e+2).
          The precision specifier stands for the number of digits after the
          decimal point since PHP 5.2.1. In earlier versions, it was taken as
          number of significant digits (one less).
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>u</TT
> - the argument is treated as an
          integer, and presented as an unsigned decimal number.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>f</TT
> - the argument is treated as a
          float, and presented as a floating-point number (locale aware).
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>F</TT
> - the argument is treated as a
          float, and presented as a floating-point number (non-locale aware).
          Available since PHP 4.3.10 and PHP 5.0.3.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>o</TT
> - the argument is treated as an
          integer, and presented as an octal number.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>s</TT
> - the argument is treated as and
          presented as a string.
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>x</TT
> - the argument is treated as an integer
          and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase
          letters).
         </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>&#13;          <TT
CLASS="literal"
>X</TT
> - the argument is treated as an integer
          and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase
          letters).
         </TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
       </P
></LI
></OL
>
    </P
><P
>&#13;     As of PHP 4.0.6 the format string supports argument
     numbering/swapping.  Here is an example:
     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226909"
></A
><P
><B
>例 1. Argument swapping</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$format </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">'There are %d monkeys in the %s'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$format</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$num</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$location</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     This might output, "There are 5 monkeys in the tree".  But
     imagine we are creating a format string in a separate file,
     commonly because we would like to internationalize it and we
     rewrite it as:
     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226912"
></A
><P
><B
>例 2. Argument swapping</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$format </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">'The %s contains %d monkeys'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$format</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$num</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$location</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     We now have a problem.  The order of the placeholders in the
     format string does not match the order of the arguments in the
     code.  We would like to leave the code as is and simply indicate
     in the format string which arguments the placeholders refer to.
     We would write the format string like this instead:
     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226915"
></A
><P
><B
>例 3. Argument swapping</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$format </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$format</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$num</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$location</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     An added benefit here is that you can repeat the placeholders without
     adding more arguments in the code.  For example:
     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226918"
></A
><P
><B
>例 4. Argument swapping</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$format </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That\'s a nice %2$s full of %1$d monkeys.'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$format</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$num</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$location</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
    </P
><P
>&#13;     See also <A
HREF="function.printf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>printf()</B
></A
>,
     <A
HREF="function.sscanf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>sscanf()</B
></A
>, <A
HREF="function.fscanf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>fscanf()</B
></A
>, 
     <A
HREF="function.vsprintf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>vsprintf()</B
></A
>, and
     <A
HREF="function.number-format.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>number_format()</B
></A
>.
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="refsect1"
><A
NAME="AEN226927"
></A
><H2
>Examples</H2
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226929"
></A
><P
><B
>例 5. <A
HREF="function.printf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>printf()</B
></A
>: various examples</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$n </font><font color="#007700">=&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">43951789</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$u </font><font color="#007700">= -</font><font color="#0000BB">43951789</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$c </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">65</font><font color="#007700">; </font><font color="#FF8000">// ASCII 65 is 'A'<br /><br />// notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' character<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%b = '%b'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// binary representation<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%c = '%c'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$c</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// print the ascii character, same as chr() function<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%d = '%d'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// standard integer representation<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%e = '%e'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// scientific notation<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%u = '%u'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// unsigned integer representation of a positive integer<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%u = '%u'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$u</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// unsigned integer representation of a negative integer<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%f = '%f'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// floating point representation<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%o = '%o'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// octal representation<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%s = '%s'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// string representation<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%x = '%x'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// hexadecimal representation (lower-case)<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%X = '%X'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// hexadecimal representation (upper-case)<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%+d = '%+d'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$n</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// sign specifier on a positive integer<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%%+d = '%+d'\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$u</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// sign specifier on a negative integer<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>&#13;      The printout of this program would be:
     </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>%b = '10100111101010011010101101'
%c = 'A'
%d = '43951789'
%e = '4.39518e+7'
%u = '43951789'
%u = '4251015507'
%f = '43951789.000000'
%o = '247523255'
%s = '43951789'
%x = '29ea6ad'
%X = '29EA6AD'
%+d = '+43951789'
%+d = '-43951789'</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226935"
></A
><P
><B
>例 6. <A
HREF="function.printf.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>printf()</B
></A
>: string specifiers</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$s </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">'monkey'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$t </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">'many monkeys'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"[%s]\n"</font><font color="#007700">,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$s</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// standard string output<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"[%10s]\n"</font><font color="#007700">,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$s</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// right-justification with spaces<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"[%-10s]\n"</font><font color="#007700">,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$s</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// left-justification with spaces<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"[%010s]\n"</font><font color="#007700">,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$s</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// zero-padding works on strings too<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"[%'#10s]\n"</font><font color="#007700">,&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$s</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// use the custom padding character '#'<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">printf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"[%10.10s]\n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$t</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// left-justification but with a cutoff of 10 characters<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>&#13;      The printout of this program would be:
     </P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>[monkey]
[    monkey]
[monkey    ]
[0000monkey]
[####monkey]
[many monke]</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226941"
></A
><P
><B
>例 7. <B
CLASS="function"
>sprintf()</B
>: zero-padded integers</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$isodate </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">sprintf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%04d-%02d-%02d"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$year</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$month</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$day</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226945"
></A
><P
><B
>例 8. <B
CLASS="function"
>sprintf()</B
>: formatting currency</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$money1 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">68.75</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$money2 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">54.35</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$money </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">$money1 </font><font color="#007700">+ </font><font color="#0000BB">$money2</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// echo $money will output "123.1";<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$formatted </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">sprintf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%01.2f"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$money</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// echo $formatted will output "123.10"<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
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><TABLE
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CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN226949"
></A
><P
><B
>例 9. <B
CLASS="function"
>sprintf()</B
>: scientific notation</B
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><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />$number </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">362525200</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br />echo </font><font color="#0000BB">sprintf</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"%.3e"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$number</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#FF8000">// outputs 3.625e+8<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
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