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><H1
CLASS="title"
>CIX. ODBC and DB2 Functions (PDO_ODBC)</H1
><DIV
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
><A
NAME="AEN161813"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="pdo-odbc.intro"
>简介</A
></H1
><P
> PDO_ODBC is a driver that implements the <A
HREF="ref.pdo.html"
>PHP Data
Objects (PDO) interface</A
>
to enable access from PHP to databases through ODBC drivers or through the
IBM DB2 Call Level Interface (DB2 CLI) library. PDO_ODBC currently supports
three different "flavours" of database drivers:
<P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
>ibm-db2</DT
><DD
><P
> Supports access to IBM DB2 Universal Database, Cloudscape, and Apache
Derby servers through the free DB2 client.
</P
></DD
><DT
>unixODBC</DT
><DD
><P
> Supports access to database servers through the unixODBC driver
manager and the database's own ODBC drivers.
</P
></DD
><DT
>generic</DT
><DD
><P
> Offers a compile option for ODBC driver managers that are not
explicitly supported by PDO_ODBC.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> On Windows, PDO_ODBC is built into the PHP core by default. It is linked
against the Windows ODBC Driver Manager so that PHP can connect to any
database cataloged as a System DSN, and is the recommended driver for
connecting to Microsoft SQL Server databases.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="ref.pdo-odbc.installation"
>安装</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="procedure"
><P
><B
><A
NAME="ref.pdo-odbc.install.unix"
></A
>PDO_ODBC on UNIX systems</B
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
CLASS="step"
><P
> As of PHP 5.1, PDO_ODBC is included in the PHP source. You can compile the
PDO_ODBC extension as either a static or shared module using the following
<B
CLASS="command"
>configure</B
> commands.
<P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
>ibm_db2</DT
><DD
><P
> <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>./configure --with-pdo-odbc=ibm-db2,/opt/IBM/db2/V8.1/</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
To build PDO_ODBC with the ibm-db2 flavour, you have to have
previously installed the DB2 application development headers on the
same machine on which you are compiling PDO_ODBC. The DB2 application
development headers are an installable option in the DB2 servers, and
are also available as part of the DB2 Application Development Client
freely available for download from the IBM DB2 Universal Database
<A
HREF="http://www-306.ibm.com/software/data/db2/udb/support/downloadv8.html"
TARGET="_top"
>support site</A
>.
</P
><P
> If you do not supply a location for the DB2 libraries and headers to
the <B
CLASS="command"
>configure</B
> command, PDO_ODBC defaults to
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/home/db2inst1/sqllib</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>unixODBC</DT
><DD
><P
> <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>./configure --with-pdo-odbc=unixODBC,/usr/local</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
If you do not supply a location for the unixODBC libraries and
headers to the <B
CLASS="command"
>configure</B
> command, PDO_ODBC
defaults to <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/local</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>generic</DT
><DD
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>./configure --with-pdo-odbc=generic,/usr/local,libname,ldflags,cflags</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DD
></DL
></DIV
>
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="pdo_odbc.configuration"
>运行时配置</A
></H1
><P
>这些函数的行为受 <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> 的影响。</P
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="table"
><A
NAME="AEN161865"
></A
><P
><B
>表 1. PDO_ODBC Configuration Options</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Default</TH
><TH
>Changeable</TH
><TH
>Changelog</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>pdo_odbc.connection_pooling</TD
><TD
>"strict"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 5.1.0.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>pdo_odbc.db2instance_name</TD
><TD
><TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>NULL</B
></TT
></TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_SYSTEM</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
>
有关 PHP_INI_* 常量进一步的细节与定义参见<A
HREF="ini.html"
>附录 H</A
>。
</P
><P
>以下是配置选项的简要解释。</P
><P
> <P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.pdo-odbc.connection-pooling"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>pdo_odbc.connection_pooling</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Whether to pool ODBC connections. Can be one of "strict", "relaxed" or
"off" (equals to ""). The parameter describes how strict the connection
manager should be when matching connection parameters to existing pooled
connections. <KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>strict</KBD
> is the recommend default, and
will result in the use of cached connections only when all the connection
parameters match exactly. <KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>relaxed</KBD
> will result in
the use of cached connections when similar connection parameters are
used. This can result in increased use of the cache, at the risk of
bleeding connection information between (for example) virtual hosts.
</P
><P
> This setting can only be changed from the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
>
file, and affects the entire process; any other modules loaded into the
process that use the same ODBC libraries will be affected too, including
the <A
HREF="ref.uodbc.html"
>Unified ODBC extension</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>警告</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
> <KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>relaxed</KBD
> matching should not be used on a shared
server, for security reasons.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="tip"
><P
><B
>提示: </B
>
Leave this setting at the default <KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>strict</KBD
> setting
unless you have good reason to change it.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.pdo-odbc.db2instance-name"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>pdo_odbc.db2instance_name</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> If you compile PDO_ODBC using the <TT
CLASS="literal"
>db2</TT
> flavour,
this setting sets the value of the DB2INSTANCE environment variable on
Linux and UNIX operating systems to the specified name of the DB2
instance. This enables PDO_ODBC to resolve the location of the DB2
libraries and make cataloged connections to DB2 databases.
</P
><P
> This setting can only be changed from the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
>
file, and affects the entire process; any other modules loaded into the
process that use the same ODBC libraries will be affected too, including
the <A
HREF="ref.uodbc.html"
>Unified ODBC extension</A
>.
</P
><P
> This setting has no effect on Windows.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>目录</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="ref.pdo-odbc.connection.html"
>PDO_ODBC DSN</A
> -- Connecting to ODBC or DB2 databases</DT
></DL
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