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><H1
CLASS="title"
>LXXII. PHP / Java Integration</H1
><DIV
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
><A
NAME="AEN103026"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.intro"
>简介</A
></H1
><P
> There are two possible ways to bridge PHP and Java: you can either
<A
HREF="ref.java.html#java.servlet"
>integrate PHP into a Java Servlet
environment</A
>, which is the more stable and efficient solution,
or integrate Java support into PHP. The former is provided by a SAPI
module that interfaces with the Servlet server, the latter by this
Java extension.
</P
><P
> The Java extension provides a simple and effective means for creating and
invoking methods on Java objects from PHP. The JVM is created using JNI,
and everything runs in-process.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>警告</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
>本扩展模块是<SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>实验性</I
></SPAN
>的。本模块的行为，包括其函数的名称以及其它任何关于此模块的文档可能会在没有通知的情况下随
PHP 以后的发布而改变。使用本扩展模块风险自担。</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.requirements"
>需求</A
></H1
><P
> You need a Java VM installed on your machine to use this extension.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.installation"
>安装</A
></H1
><P
> 本 <A
HREF="http://pecl.php.net"
TARGET="_top"
>PECL</A
> 扩展未绑定于 PHP 中。
</P
><P
> 在 PHP 4 中本 <ACRONYM
CLASS="acronym"
>PECL</ACRONYM
> 扩展的源程序位于
PHP 源程序中的 <TT
CLASS="filename"
>ext/</TT
> 目录下或者在上面的
<ACRONYM
CLASS="acronym"
>PECL</ACRONYM
> 连接中。
In order to use these functions you must compile PHP with Java support by
using the <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-java[=DIR]</CODE
> where DIR
points to the base install directory of your JDK. This extension can only
be built as a shared extension. Additional build extensions can be found
in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php-src/ext/java/README</TT
>.
</P
><P
> Windows users will enable <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php_java.dll</TT
> inside
of <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> in order to use these functions.
在 PHP 4 中本 <ACRONYM
CLASS="acronym"
>DLL</ACRONYM
> 位于
PHP Windows 执行包中的 <TT
CLASS="filename"
>extensions/</TT
> 目录下。
可以从 <A
HREF="http://www.php.net/downloads.php"
TARGET="_top"
>PHP
下载页面</A
>或者 <A
HREF="http://snaps.php.net/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://snaps.php.net/</A
>
下载此 <ACRONYM
CLASS="acronym"
>PECL</ACRONYM
> 扩展的
<ACRONYM
CLASS="acronym"
>DLL</ACRONYM
> 文件。
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
In order to enable this module on a Windows environment with PHP <=
4.0.6, you must make <TT
CLASS="filename"
>jvm.dll</TT
> available to your
systems PATH. No additional DLL is needed for PHP versions > 4.0.6.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.configuration"
>运行时配置</A
></H1
><P
>这些函数的行为受 <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> 的影响。</P
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="table"
><A
NAME="AEN103065"
></A
><P
><B
>表 1. Java configuration options</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Default</TH
><TH
>Changeable</TH
><TH
>Changelog</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>java.class.path</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>java.home</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>java.library.path</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>java.library</TD
><TD
>JAVALIB</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
>
有关 PHP_INI_* 常量进一步的细节与定义参见<A
HREF="ini.html"
>附录 H</A
>。
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.resources"
>资源类型</A
></H1
><P
>本扩展模块未定义任何资源类型。</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.constants"
>预定义常量</A
></H1
><P
>本扩展模块未定义任何常量。</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.examples"
>范例</A
></H1
><P
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><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN103105"
></A
><P
><B
>例 1. Java Example</B
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB"><?php<br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// get instance of Java class java.lang.System in PHP<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$system </font><font color="#007700">= new </font><font color="#0000BB">Java</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.lang.System'</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// demonstrate property access<br /></font><font color="#007700">echo </font><font color="#DD0000">'Java version=' </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$system</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">getProperty</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.version'</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">'<br />'</font><font color="#007700">;<br />echo </font><font color="#DD0000">'Java vendor=' </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$system</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">getProperty</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.vendor'</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">'<br />'</font><font color="#007700">;<br />echo </font><font color="#DD0000">'OS=' </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$system</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">getProperty</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'os.name'</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">' ' </font><font color="#007700">.<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$system</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">getProperty</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'os.version'</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">' on ' </font><font color="#007700">.<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$system</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">getProperty</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'os.arch'</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">' <br />'</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// java.util.Date example<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$formatter </font><font color="#007700">= new </font><font color="#0000BB">Java</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.text.SimpleDateFormat'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#DD0000">"EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy 'at' h:mm:ss a zzzz"</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br />echo </font><font color="#0000BB">$formatter</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">format</font><font color="#007700">(new </font><font color="#0000BB">Java</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.util.Date'</font><font color="#007700">));<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?></font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
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><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN103108"
></A
><P
><B
>例 2. AWT Example</B
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB"><?php<br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// This example is only intended to be run as a CGI.<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$frame </font><font color="#007700">= new </font><font color="#0000BB">Java</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.awt.Frame'</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">'PHP'</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$button </font><font color="#007700">= new </font><font color="#0000BB">Java</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.awt.Button'</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">'Hello Java World!'</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$frame</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">add</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'North'</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$button</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$frame</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">validate</font><font color="#007700">();<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$frame</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">pack</font><font color="#007700">();<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$frame</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">visible </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">True</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$thread </font><font color="#007700">= new </font><font color="#0000BB">Java</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">'java.lang.Thread'</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$thread</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">sleep</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">10000</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$frame</font><font color="#007700">-></font><font color="#0000BB">dispose</font><font color="#007700">();<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?></font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
Notes:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="literal"
>new Java()</TT
> will create an instance of a class if
a suitable constructor is available. If no parameters are passed and
the default constructor is useful as it provides access to classes
like <TT
CLASS="literal"
>java.lang.System</TT
> which expose most of their
functionallity through static methods.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Accessing a member of an instance will first look for bean properties
then public fields. In other words, <TT
CLASS="literal"
>print $date.time</TT
>
will first attempt to be resolved as <TT
CLASS="literal"
>$date.getTime()</TT
>,
then as <TT
CLASS="literal"
>$date.time</TT
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Both static and instance members can be accessed on an object with
the same syntax. Furthermore, if the java object is of type
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>java.lang.Class</TT
>, then static members of the class
(fields and methods) can be accessed.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Exceptions raised result in PHP warnings, and <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>NULL</B
></TT
> results. The
warnings may be eliminated by prefixing the method call with an
"@" sign. The following APIs may be used to retrieve and reset
the last error:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="function.java-last-exception-get.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>java_last_exception_get()</B
></A
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
><A
HREF="function.java-last-exception-clear.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>java_last_exception_clear()</B
></A
></P
></LI
></UL
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Overload resolution is in general a hard problem given the
differences in types between the two languages. The PHP Java
extension employs a simple, but fairly effective, metric for
determining which overload is the best match.
</P
><P
> Additionally, method names in PHP are not case sensitive, potentially
increasing the number of overloads to select from.
</P
><P
> Once a method is selected, the parameters are coerced if necessary,
possibly with a loss of data (example: double precision floating point
numbers will be converted to boolean).
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> In the tradition of PHP, arrays and hashtables may pretty much
be used interchangably. Note that hashtables in PHP may only be
indexed by integers or strings; and that arrays of primitive types
in Java can not be sparse. Also note that these constructs are
passed by value, so may be expensive in terms of memory and time.
</P
></LI
></UL
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="java.servlet"
>Java Servlet SAPI</A
></H1
><P
> The Java Servlet SAPI builds upon the mechanism defined by the Java
extension to enable the entire PHP processor to be run as a servlet.
The primary advantage of this from a PHP perspective is that web servers
which support servlets typically take great care in pooling and reusing
JVMs. Build instructions for the Servlet SAPI module can be found in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>php4/sapi/README</TT
>.
Notes:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> While this code is intended to be able to run on any servlet engine,
it has only been tested on Apache's Jakarta/tomcat to date. Bug
reports, success stories and/or patches required to get this code
to run on other engines would be appreciated.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> PHP has a habit of changing the working directory. sapi/servlet will
eventually change it back, but while PHP is running the servlet engine
may not be able to load any classes from the CLASSPATH which are
specified using a relative directory syntax, or find the work directory
used for administration and JSP compilation tasks.
</P
></LI
></UL
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
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><DL
><DT
><B
>目录</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.java-last-exception-clear.html"
>java_last_exception_clear</A
> -- Clear last Java exception</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.java-last-exception-get.html"
>java_last_exception_get</A
> -- Get last Java exception</DT
></DL
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