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><DIV
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></A
><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="title"
>XXXIII. Error Handling and Logging Functions</H1
><DIV
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
><A
NAME="AEN46894"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.intro"
>简介</A
></H1
><P
> These are functions dealing with error handling and logging. They
allow you to define your own error handling rules, as well as modify
the way the errors can be logged. This allows you to change and
enhance error reporting to suit your needs.
</P
><P
>
With the logging functions, you can send messages directly to other
machines, to an email (or email to pager gateway!), to system logs,
etc., so you can selectively log and monitor the most important parts
of your applications and websites.
</P
><P
>
The error reporting functions allow you to customize what level and
kind of error feedback is given, ranging from simple notices to customized
functions returned during errors.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.requirements"
>需求</A
></H1
><P
>要编译本扩展模块无需外部库文件。</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.installation"
>安装</A
></H1
><P
>本扩展模块作为 PHP 内核的一部分，无需安装即可使用。</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.configuration"
>运行时配置</A
></H1
><P
>这些函数的行为受 <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> 的影响。</P
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="table"
><A
NAME="AEN46911"
></A
><P
><B
>表 1. Errors and Logging Configuration Options</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Name</TH
><TH
>Default</TH
><TH
>Changeable</TH
><TH
>Changelog</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>error_reporting</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>display_errors</TD
><TD
>"1"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>display_startup_errors</TD
><TD
>"0"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.0.3.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>log_errors</TD
><TD
>"0"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>log_errors_max_len</TD
><TD
>"1024"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.3.0.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>ignore_repeated_errors</TD
><TD
>"0"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.3.0.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>ignore_repeated_source</TD
><TD
>"0"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.3.0.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>report_memleaks</TD
><TD
>"1"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.3.0.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>track_errors</TD
><TD
>"0"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>html_errors</TD
><TD
>"1"</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_SYSTEM in PHP <= 4.2.3. Available since PHP 4.0.2.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>docref_root</TD
><TD
>""</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.3.0.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>docref_ext</TD
><TD
>""</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
>Available since PHP 4.3.2.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>error_prepend_string</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>error_append_string</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>error_log</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI_ALL</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>warn_plus_overloading</TD
><TD
>NULL</TD
><TD
>PHP_INI??</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
>
有关 PHP_INI_* 常量进一步的细节与定义参见<A
HREF="ini.html"
>附录 H</A
>。
</P
><P
>以下是配置选项的简要解释。</P
><P
> <P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.error-reporting"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>error_reporting</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Set the error reporting level. The parameter is either an integer
representing a bit field, or named constants. The error_reporting
levels and constants are described in
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#errorfunc.constants"
>Predefined Constants</A
>,
and in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
>. To set at runtime, use the
<A
HREF="function.error-reporting.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>error_reporting()</B
></A
> function. See also the
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.display-errors"
>display_errors</A
> directive.
</P
><P
> In PHP 4 and PHP 5 the default value is E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE. This
setting does not show <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_NOTICE</B
></TT
> level errors. You
may want to show them during development.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>Enabling <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_NOTICE</B
></TT
> during development has
some benefits. For debugging purposes: NOTICE messages will warn you
about possible bugs in your code. For example, use of unassigned values
is warned. It is extremely useful to find typos and
to save time for debugging. NOTICE messages will warn you about bad style.
For example, $arr[item] is better to be written as $arr['item'] since
PHP tries to treat "item" as constant. If it is not a constant, PHP assumes
it is a string index for the array.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
In PHP 5 a new error level <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_STRICT</B
></TT
> is available.
As <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_STRICT</B
></TT
> is not included within
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ALL</B
></TT
> you have to explicitly enable this kind of
error level. Enabling <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_STRICT</B
></TT
> during development
has some benefits. STRICT messages will help you to use the latest and
greatest suggested method of coding, for example warn you about using
deprecated functions.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>PHP Constants outside of PHP: </B
>
Using PHP Constants outside of PHP, like in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>httpd.conf</TT
>,
will have no useful meaning so in such cases the <A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
> values
are required. And since error levels will be added over time, the maximum
value (for <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ALL</B
></TT
>) will likely change. So in place of
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ALL</B
></TT
> consider using a larger value to cover all bit
fields from now and well into the future, a numeric value like
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>2147483647</TT
>.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><P
> In PHP 3, the default setting is
<TT
CLASS="literal"
>(E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE)</TT
>,
meaning the same thing. Note, however, that since constants are not
supported in PHP 3's <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php3.ini</TT
>, the error_reporting
setting there must be numeric; hence, it is <TT
CLASS="literal"
>7</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.display-errors"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>display_errors</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> This determines whether errors should be printed to the screen
as part of the output or if they should be hidden from the user.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
This is a feature to support your development and should never be used
on production systems (e.g. systems connected to the internet).
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
Although display_errors may be set at runtime (with <A
HREF="function.ini-set.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>ini_set()</B
></A
>),
it won't have any affect if the script has fatal errors.
This is because the desired runtime action does not get executed.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.display-startup-errors"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>display_startup_errors</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Even when display_errors is on, errors that occur during PHP's startup
sequence are not displayed. It's strongly recommended to keep
display_startup_errors off, except for debugging.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.log-errors"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>log_errors</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Tells whether script error messages should be logged to the
server's error log or <A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.error-log"
>error_log</A
>.
This option is thus server-specific.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
You're strongly advised to use error logging in place of
error displaying on production web sites.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.log-errors-max-len"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>log_errors_max_len</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Set the maximum length of log_errors in bytes. In
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.error-log"
>error_log</A
> information about
the source is added. The default is 1024 and 0 allows to not apply
any maximum length at all.
This length is applied to logged errors, displayed errors and also to
<A
HREF="reserved.variables.html#reserved.variables.phperrormsg"
>$php_errormsg</A
>.
</P
><P
>当使用 <A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>
类型时，其值以字节为度量单位。还可以用简化符号，说明见此
<A
HREF="faq.using.html#faq.using.shorthandbytes"
>FAQ</A
>。</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.ignore-repeated-errors"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>ignore_repeated_errors</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Do not log repeated messages. Repeated errors must occur in the same
file on the same line until
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.ignore-repeated-source"
>ignore_repeated_source</A
>
is set true.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.ignore-repeated-source"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>ignore_repeated_source</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Ignore source of message when ignoring repeated messages. When this setting
is On you will not log errors with repeated messages from different files or
sourcelines.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.report-memleaks"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>report_memleaks</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> If this parameter is set to Off, then memory leaks will not be shown (on
stdout or in the log). This has only effect in a debug compile, and if
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.error-reporting"
>error_reporting</A
> includes
E_WARNING in the allowed list
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.track-errors"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>track_errors</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> If enabled, the last error message will always be present in the
variable <A
HREF="reserved.variables.html#reserved.variables.phperrormsg"
>$php_errormsg</A
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.html-errors"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>html_errors</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Turn off HTML tags in error messages. The new format for HTML errors
produces clickable messages that direct the user to a page describing
the error or function in causing the error. These references are
affected by
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.docref-root"
>docref_root</A
> and
<A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.docref-ext"
>docref_ext</A
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.docref-root"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>docref_root</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> The new error format contains a reference to a page describing the error or
function causing the error. In case of manual pages you can download the
manual in your language and set this ini directive to the URL of your local
copy. If your local copy of the manual can be reached by '/manual/' you can
simply use <KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>docref_root=/manual/</KBD
>. Additional you have
to set docref_ext to match the fileextensions of your copy
<KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>docref_ext=.html</KBD
>. It is possible to use external
references. For example you can use
<KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>docref_root=http://manual/en/</KBD
> or
<KBD
CLASS="userinput"
>docref_root="http://landonize.it/?how=url&theme=classic&filter=Landon
&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2F"</KBD
>
</P
><P
> Most of the time you want the docref_root value to end with a slash '/'.
But see the second example above which does not have nor need it.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
This is a feature to support your development since it makes it easy to
lookup a function description. However it should never be used on
production systems (e.g. systems connected to the internet).
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.docref-ext"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>docref_ext</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> See <A
HREF="ref.errorfunc.html#ini.docref-root"
>docref_root</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
The value of docref_ext must begin with a dot '.'.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.error-prepend-string"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>error_prepend_string</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> String to output before an error message.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.error-append-string"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>error_append_string</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> String to output after an error message.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.error-log"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>error_log</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> Name of the file where script errors should be logged. The file should
be writable by the web server's user. If the
special value <TT
CLASS="literal"
>syslog</TT
> is used, the errors
are sent to the system logger instead. On Unix, this means
syslog(3) and on Windows NT it means the event log. The
system logger is not supported on Windows 95. See also:
<A
HREF="function.syslog.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>syslog()</B
></A
>.
If this directive is not set, errors are sent to the SAPI error logger.
For example, it is an error log in Apache or <TT
CLASS="literal"
>stderr</TT
>
in CLI.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="ini.warn-plus-overloading"
></A
><CODE
CLASS="parameter"
>warn_plus_overloading</CODE
>
<A
HREF="language.types.boolean.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>boolean</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><P
> If enabled, this option makes PHP output a warning when the
plus (<TT
CLASS="literal"
>+</TT
>) operator is used on strings.
This is to make it easier to find scripts that need to be
rewritten to using the string concatenator instead
(<TT
CLASS="literal"
>.</TT
>).
This option doesn't exist as of PHP 4.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.constants"
>预定义常量</A
></H1
><P
>以下常量作为 PHP 核心的一部分一直有效。</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
You may use these constant names in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> but not outside
of PHP, like in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>httpd.conf</TT
>, where you'd
use the bitmask values instead.
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="table"
><A
NAME="errorlevels"
></A
><P
><B
>表 2. Errors and Logging</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Value</TH
><TH
>Constant</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
><TH
>Note</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><A
NAME="e-error"
></A
><TD
>1</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ERROR</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Fatal run-time errors. These indicate errors that can not be
recovered from, such as a memory allocation problem.
Execution of the script is halted.
</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-warning"
></A
><TD
>2</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Run-time warnings (non-fatal errors). Execution of the script is not
halted.
</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-parse"
></A
><TD
>4</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_PARSE</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Compile-time parse errors. Parse errors should only be generated by
the parser.
</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-notice"
></A
><TD
>8</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_NOTICE</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Run-time notices. Indicate that the script encountered something that
could indicate an error, but could also happen in the normal course of
running a script.
</TD
><TD
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-core-error"
></A
><TD
>16</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_CORE_ERROR</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup. This is like an
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ERROR</B
></TT
>, except it is generated by the core of PHP.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-core-warning"
></A
><TD
>32</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_CORE_WARNING</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Warnings (non-fatal errors) that occur during PHP's initial startup.
This is like an <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
>, except it is generated
by the core of PHP.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-compile-error"
></A
><TD
>64</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_COMPILE_ERROR</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Fatal compile-time errors. This is like an <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ERROR</B
></TT
>,
except it is generated by the Zend Scripting Engine.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-compile-warning"
></A
><TD
>128</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_COMPILE_WARNING</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Compile-time warnings (non-fatal errors). This is like an
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
>, except it is generated by the Zend
Scripting Engine.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-user-error"
></A
><TD
>256</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_USER_ERROR</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> User-generated error message. This is like an
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ERROR</B
></TT
>, except it is generated in PHP code by
using the PHP function <A
HREF="function.trigger-error.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>trigger_error()</B
></A
>.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-user-warning"
></A
><TD
>512</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_USER_WARNING</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> User-generated warning message. This is like an
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_WARNING</B
></TT
>, except it is generated in PHP code by
using the PHP function <A
HREF="function.trigger-error.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>trigger_error()</B
></A
>.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-user-notice"
></A
><TD
>1024</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_USER_NOTICE</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> User-generated notice message. This is like an
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_NOTICE</B
></TT
>, except it is generated in PHP code by
using the PHP function <A
HREF="function.trigger-error.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>trigger_error()</B
></A
>.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 4</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-strict"
></A
><TD
>2048</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_STRICT</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Run-time notices. Enable to have PHP suggest changes
to your code which will ensure the best interoperability
and forward compatibility of your code.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 5</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-recoverable-error"
></A
><TD
>4096</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> Catchable fatal error. It indicates that a probably dangerous error
occured, but did not leave the Engine in an unstable state. If the error
is not caught by a user defined handle (see also
<A
HREF="function.set-error-handler.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>set_error_handler()</B
></A
>), the application aborts as it
was an <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ERROR</B
></TT
>.
</TD
><TD
>since PHP 5.2.0</TD
></TR
><TR
><A
NAME="e-all"
></A
><TD
>8191</TD
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_ALL</B
></TT
>
(<A
HREF="language.types.integer.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>integer</B
></A
>)
</TD
><TD
> All errors and warnings, as supported, except of level
<TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>E_STRICT</B
></TT
> in PHP < 6.
</TD
><TD
>6143 in PHP 5.2.x and 2047 previously</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> The above values (either numerical or symbolic) are used to build
up a bitmask that specifies which errors to report. You can use the
<A
HREF="language.operators.bitwise.html"
>bitwise operators</A
>
to combine these values or mask out certain types of errors. Note
that only '|', '~', '!', '^' and '&' will be understood within
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
>, however, and that no bitwise
operators will be understood within <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php3.ini</TT
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.examples"
>范例</A
></H1
><P
> Below we can see an example of using the error handling capabilities in
PHP. We define an error handling function which logs the information into
a file (using an XML format), and e-mails the developer in case a critical
error in the logic happens.
<TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN47296"
></A
><P
><B
>例 1. Using error handling in a script</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB"><?php<br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// we will do our own error handling<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">error_reporting</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">0</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// user defined error handling function<br /></font><font color="#007700">function </font><font color="#0000BB">userErrorHandler</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$errno</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$errmsg</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$filename</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$linenum</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$vars</font><font color="#007700">) <br />{<br /> </font><font color="#FF8000">// timestamp for the error entry<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$dt </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">date</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"Y-m-d H:i:s (T)"</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /> </font><font color="#FF8000">// define an assoc array of error string<br /> // in reality the only entries we should<br /> // consider are E_WARNING, E_NOTICE, E_USER_ERROR,<br /> // E_USER_WARNING and E_USER_NOTICE<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$errortype </font><font color="#007700">= array (<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_ERROR </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Error'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_WARNING </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Warning'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_PARSE </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Parsing Error'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_NOTICE </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Notice'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_CORE_ERROR </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Core Error'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_CORE_WARNING </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Core Warning'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_COMPILE_ERROR </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Compile Error'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_COMPILE_WARNING </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Compile Warning'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_ERROR </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'User Error'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_WARNING </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'User Warning'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_NOTICE </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'User Notice'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_STRICT </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Runtime Notice'</font><font color="#007700">,<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR </font><font color="#007700">=> </font><font color="#DD0000">'Catchable Fatal Error'<br /> </font><font color="#007700">);<br /> </font><font color="#FF8000">// set of errors for which a var trace will be saved<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$user_errors </font><font color="#007700">= array(</font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_ERROR</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_WARNING</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_NOTICE</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> <br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#DD0000">"<errorentry>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<datetime>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$dt </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#DD0000">"</datetime>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<errornum>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$errno </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#DD0000">"</errornum>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<errortype>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$errortype</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#0000BB">$errno</font><font color="#007700">] . </font><font color="#DD0000">"</errortype>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<errormsg>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$errmsg </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#DD0000">"</errormsg>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<scriptname>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$filename </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#DD0000">"</scriptname>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<scriptlinenum>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$linenum </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#DD0000">"</scriptlinenum>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /> if (</font><font color="#0000BB">in_array</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$errno</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$user_errors</font><font color="#007700">)) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"\t<vartrace>" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">wddx_serialize_value</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vars</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"Variables"</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">"</vartrace>\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> }<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$err </font><font color="#007700">.= </font><font color="#DD0000">"</errorentry>\n\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> <br /> </font><font color="#FF8000">// for testing<br /> // echo $err;<br /><br /> // save to the error log, and e-mail me if there is a critical user error<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">error_log</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$err</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">3</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"/usr/local/php4/error.log"</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> if (</font><font color="#0000BB">$errno </font><font color="#007700">== </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_ERROR</font><font color="#007700">) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">mail</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"phpdev@example.com"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"Critical User Error"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$err</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> }<br />}<br /><br /><br />function </font><font color="#0000BB">distance</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vect1</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$vect2</font><font color="#007700">) <br />{<br /> if (!</font><font color="#0000BB">is_array</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vect1</font><font color="#007700">) || !</font><font color="#0000BB">is_array</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vect2</font><font color="#007700">)) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">trigger_error</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"Incorrect parameters, arrays expected"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_ERROR</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> return </font><font color="#0000BB">NULL</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> }<br /><br /> if (</font><font color="#0000BB">count</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vect1</font><font color="#007700">) != </font><font color="#0000BB">count</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vect2</font><font color="#007700">)) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">trigger_error</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"Vectors need to be of the same size"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_ERROR</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> return </font><font color="#0000BB">NULL</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> }<br /><br /> for (</font><font color="#0000BB">$i</font><font color="#007700">=</font><font color="#0000BB">0</font><font color="#007700">; </font><font color="#0000BB">$i</font><font color="#007700"><</font><font color="#0000BB">count</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$vect1</font><font color="#007700">); </font><font color="#0000BB">$i</font><font color="#007700">++) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$c1 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">$vect1</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#0000BB">$i</font><font color="#007700">]; </font><font color="#0000BB">$c2 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">$vect2</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#0000BB">$i</font><font color="#007700">];<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$d </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">0.0</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> if (!</font><font color="#0000BB">is_numeric</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$c1</font><font color="#007700">)) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">trigger_error</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"Coordinate $i in vector 1 is not a number, using zero"</font><font color="#007700">, <br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_WARNING</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$c1 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">0.0</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> }<br /> if (!</font><font color="#0000BB">is_numeric</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$c2</font><font color="#007700">)) {<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">trigger_error</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"Coordinate $i in vector 2 is not a number, using zero"</font><font color="#007700">, <br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">E_USER_WARNING</font><font color="#007700">);<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$c2 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">0.0</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> }<br /> </font><font color="#0000BB">$d </font><font color="#007700">+= </font><font color="#0000BB">$c2</font><font color="#007700">*</font><font color="#0000BB">$c2 </font><font color="#007700">- </font><font color="#0000BB">$c1</font><font color="#007700">*</font><font color="#0000BB">$c1</font><font color="#007700">;<br /> }<br /> return </font><font color="#0000BB">sqrt</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$d</font><font color="#007700">);<br />}<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$old_error_handler </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">set_error_handler</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"userErrorHandler"</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// undefined constant, generates a warning<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$t </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">I_AM_NOT_DEFINED</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// define some "vectors"<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$a </font><font color="#007700">= array(</font><font color="#0000BB">2</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">3</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"foo"</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$b </font><font color="#007700">= array(</font><font color="#0000BB">5.5</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">4.3</font><font color="#007700">, -</font><font color="#0000BB">1.6</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$c </font><font color="#007700">= array(</font><font color="#0000BB">1</font><font color="#007700">, -</font><font color="#0000BB">3</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// generate a user error<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$t1 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">distance</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$c</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$b</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">"\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// generate another user error<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$t2 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">distance</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$b</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"i am not an array"</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">"\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// generate a warning<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$t3 </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">distance</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$a</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$b</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">"\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?></font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="errorfunc.seealso"
>参见</A
></H1
><P
> See also <A
HREF="function.syslog.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>syslog()</B
></A
>.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>目录</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.debug-backtrace.html"
>debug_backtrace</A
> -- Generates a backtrace</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.debug-print-backtrace.html"
>debug_print_backtrace</A
> --
Prints a backtrace
</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.error-get-last.html"
>error_get_last</A
> -- Get the last occurred error</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.error-log.html"
>error_log</A
> -- Send an error message somewhere</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.error-reporting.html"
>error_reporting</A
> -- Sets which PHP errors are reported</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.restore-error-handler.html"
>restore_error_handler</A
> -- Restores the previous error handler function</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.restore-exception-handler.html"
>restore_exception_handler</A
> --
Restores the previously defined exception handler function
</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.set-error-handler.html"
>set_error_handler</A
> -- Sets a user-defined error handler function</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.set-exception-handler.html"
>set_exception_handler</A
> --
Sets a user-defined exception handler function
</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.trigger-error.html"
>trigger_error</A
> -- Generates a user-level error/warning/notice message</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.user-error.html"
>user_error</A
> -- Alias of <A
HREF="function.trigger-error.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>trigger_error()</B
></A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="function.enchant-dict-suggest.html"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>上一页</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="index.html"
ACCESSKEY="H"
>起始页</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
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