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php-manual-zh-5.2.4-1mdv2008.1.noarch.rpm

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CLASS="reference"
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><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="title"
>XXIV. Database (dbm-style) Abstraction Layer Functions</H1
><DIV
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
><A
NAME="AEN32690"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.intro"
>简介</A
></H1
><P
>&#13;    These functions build the foundation for accessing Berkeley DB
    style databases.
   </P
><P
>&#13;    This is a general abstraction layer for several file-based databases.
    As such, functionality is limited to a common subset of features
    supported by modern databases such as
    <A
HREF="http://www.sleepycat.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>Sleepycat Software's DB2</A
>.
    (This is not to be confused with IBM's DB2 software, which is
    supported through the <A
HREF="ref.uodbc.html"
>ODBC functions</A
>.)
   </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.requirements"
>需求</A
></H1
><P
>&#13;     The behaviour of various aspects depends on the implementation of the
     underlying database. Functions such as <A
HREF="function.dba-optimize.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_optimize()</B
></A
>
     and <A
HREF="function.dba-sync.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_sync()</B
></A
> will do what they promise for one
     database and will do nothing for others. You have to download and install
     supported dba-Handlers.
    <DIV
CLASS="table"
><A
NAME="AEN32702"
></A
><P
><B
>表 1. List of DBA handlers</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Handler</TH
><TH
>Notes</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>dbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         Dbm is the oldest (original) type of Berkeley DB style
         databases. You should avoid it, if possible. We do not support
         the compatibility functions built into DB2 and gdbm, because
         they are only compatible on the source code level, but cannot
         handle the original dbm format.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>ndbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         Ndbm is a newer type and more flexible than dbm. It still has
         most of the arbitrary limits of dbm (therefore it is
         deprecated).
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>gdbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         Gdbm is the <A
HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/gdbm/"
TARGET="_top"
>GNU database
         manager</A
>.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>db2</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         DB2 is <A
HREF="http://www.sleepycat.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>Sleepycat Software's
         DB2</A
>. It is described as "a programmatic toolkit that
         provides high-performance built-in database support for both
         standalone and client/server applications.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>db3</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         DB3 is <A
HREF="http://www.sleepycat.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>Sleepycat Software's
         DB3</A
>.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>db4</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         DB4 is <A
HREF="http://www.sleepycat.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>Sleepycat Software's
         DB4</A
>. This is available since PHP 4.3.2.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>cdb</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         Cdb is "a fast, reliable, lightweight package for creating and
         reading constant databases." It is from the author of qmail and
         can be found at <A
HREF="http://cr.yp.to/cdb.html"
TARGET="_top"
>http://cr.yp.to/cdb.html</A
>. Since it is
         constant, we support only reading operations. And since PHP 4.3.0
         we support writing (not updating) through the internal cdb library.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>cdb_make</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         Since PHP 4.3.0 we support creation (not updating) of cdb files 
         when the bundled cdb library is used.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>flatfile</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         This is available since PHP 4.3.0 for compatibility with the deprecated
         <A
HREF="ref.dbm.html"
>dbm</A
> extension only and should be avoided. 
         However you may use this where files were created in this format. That
         happens when configure could not find any external library.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>inifile</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         This is available since PHP 4.3.3 to be able to modify php.ini files 
         from within PHP scripts. When working with ini files you can pass arrays 
         of the form array(0=&#62;group,1=&#62;value_name) or strings of the form 
         "[group]value_name" where group is optional. As the functions 
         <A
HREF="function.dba-firstkey.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_firstkey()</B
></A
> and <A
HREF="function.dba-nextkey.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_nextkey()</B
></A
>
         return string representations of the key there is a new function
         <A
HREF="function.dba-key-split.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_key_split()</B
></A
> available since PHP 5 which allows
         to convert the string keys into array keys without loosing <TT
CLASS="constant"
><B
>FALSE</B
></TT
>.
        </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>qdbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;         This is available since PHP 5.0.0. The qdbm library can be loaded from
         <A
HREF="http://qdbm.sourceforge.net"
TARGET="_top"
>http://qdbm.sourceforge.net</A
>.
        </TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
>
    </P
><P
>&#13;     When invoking the <A
HREF="function.dba-open.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_open()</B
></A
> or
     <A
HREF="function.dba-popen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_popen()</B
></A
> functions, one of the
     handler names must be supplied as an argument. The actually
     available list of handlers is displayed by invoking
     <A
HREF="function.phpinfo.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>phpinfo()</B
></A
> or <A
HREF="function.dba-handlers.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_handlers()</B
></A
>.
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.installation"
>安装</A
></H1
><P
>&#13;  By using the <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--enable-dba=shared</CODE
>
  configuration option you can build a dynamic loadable module to enable PHP
  for basic support of dbm-style databases. You also have to add support
  for at least one of the following handlers by specifying the
  <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-XXXX</CODE
> configure switch to your PHP
  configure line.
 </P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
BORDER="1"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
><B
>警告</B
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
><P
>&#13;   After configuring and compiling PHP you must execute the following test
   from commandline: <TT
CLASS="literal"
>php run-tests.php ext/dba</TT
>. This shows
   whether your combination of handlers works. Most problematic are 
   <TT
CLASS="literal"
>dbm</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="literal"
>ndbm</TT
> which conflict with
   many installations. The reason for this is that on several systems these
   libraries are part of more than one other library. The configuration test
   only prevents you from configuring malfaunctioning single handlers but not 
   combinations.
  </P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>&#13;  <DIV
CLASS="table"
><A
NAME="AEN32781"
></A
><P
><B
>表 2. Supported DBA handlers</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="1"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Handler</TH
><TH
>Configure Switch</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>dbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for dbm add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-dbm[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         dbm normally is a wrapper which often results in failures.
         This means you should only use dbm if you are sure it works
         and if you really need this format.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>ndbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for ndbm add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-ndbm[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         ndbm normally is a wrapper which often results in failures.
         This means you should only use ndbm if you are sure it works
         and if you really need this format.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>gdbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for gdbm add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-gdbm[=DIR]</CODE
>.
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>db2</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for db2 add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-db2[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         db2 conflicts with db3 and db4.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>db3</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for db3 add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-db3[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         db3 conflicts with db2 and db4.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>db4</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for db4 add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-db4[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         db4 conflicts with db2 and db3.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         This was added in PHP 4.3.2. In earlier versions of PHP you need to use
         <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-db3=DIR</CODE
> with DIR being the
         path to db4 library. It is not possible to use db versions starting 
         from 4.1 with PHP prior to version 4.3.0. Also, the db libraries with
         versions 4.1 through 4.1.24 cannot be used in any PHP version.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>cdb</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for cdb add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-cdb[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         Since PHP 4.3.0 you can omit DIR to use the bundled cdb library 
         that adds the cdb_make handler which allows creation of cdb files
         and allows to access cdb files on the network using PHP's streams.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>flatfile</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for flatfile add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-flatfile</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         This was added in PHP 4.3.0 to add compatibility with deprecated
         <A
HREF="ref.dbm.html"
>dbm</A
> extension. Use this handler only
         when you cannot install one of the libraries required by the other
         handlers and when you cannot use bundled cdb handler.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>inifile</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for inifile add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-inifile</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         This was added in PHP 5.0.0 and allows to read and set microsoft style
         <TT
CLASS="filename"
>.ini</TT
> files (like the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> file).
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="literal"
>qdbm</TT
></TD
><TD
>&#13;       To enable support for qdbm add
       <CODE
CLASS="option"
>--with-qdbm[=DIR]</CODE
>.
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         qdbm conflicts with dbm and gdbm.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
         This was added in PHP 5.0.0. The qdbm library can be loaded from
         <A
HREF="http://qdbm.sourceforge.net"
TARGET="_top"
>http://qdbm.sourceforge.net</A
>.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
>
  <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>注意: </B
>
    Up to PHP 4.3.0 you are able to add both db2 and db3 handler but only one
    of them can be used internally. That means that you cannot have both file 
    formats. Starting with PHP 5.0.0 there is a configuration check avoid such
    misconfigurations.
   </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
 </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.runtime"
>运行时配置</A
></H1
><P
>本扩展模块在 <TT
CLASS="filename"
>php.ini</TT
> 中未定义任何配置选项。</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.resources"
>资源类型</A
></H1
><P
>&#13;    The functions <A
HREF="function.dba-open.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_open()</B
></A
> and
    <A
HREF="function.dba-popen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_popen()</B
></A
> return a handle to the specified
    database file to access which is used by all other dba-function calls.
    </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.constants"
>预定义常量</A
></H1
><P
>本扩展模块未定义任何常量。</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dba.examples"
>范例</A
></H1
><P
>&#13;      <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN32883"
></A
><P
><B
>例 1. DBA example</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br /><br />$id </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">dba_open</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"/tmp/test.db"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"n"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"db2"</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br />if (!</font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"dba_open failed\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exit;<br />}<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">dba_replace</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"key"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#DD0000">"This is an example!"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br />if (</font><font color="#0000BB">dba_exists</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"key"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">)) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#0000BB">dba_fetch</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"key"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">dba_delete</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"key"</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br />}<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">dba_close</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
    </P
><P
>&#13;     DBA is binary safe and does not have any arbitrary limits.
     However, it inherits all limits set by the underlying
     database implementation.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     All file-based databases must provide a way of setting the file
     mode of a new created database, if that is possible at all. The
     file mode is commonly passed as the fourth argument to
     <A
HREF="function.dba-open.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_open()</B
></A
> or <A
HREF="function.dba-popen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_popen()</B
></A
>.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     You can access all entries of a database in a linear way by using the
     <A
HREF="function.dba-firstkey.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_firstkey()</B
></A
> and <A
HREF="function.dba-nextkey.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>dba_nextkey()</B
></A
>
     functions. You may not change the database while traversing it.
    </P
><P
>&#13;     <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN32894"
></A
><P
><B
>例 2. Traversing a database</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br /><br /></font><font color="#FF8000">// ...open database...<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">$key </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">dba_firstkey</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br /><br />while (</font><font color="#0000BB">$key </font><font color="#007700">!= </font><font color="#0000BB">false</font><font color="#007700">) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if (</font><font color="#0000BB">true</font><font color="#007700">) {&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#FF8000">// remember the key to perform some action later<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$handle_later</font><font color="#007700">[] = </font><font color="#0000BB">$key</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">$key </font><font color="#007700">= </font><font color="#0000BB">dba_nextkey</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br />}<br /><br />foreach (</font><font color="#0000BB">$handle_later </font><font color="#007700">as </font><font color="#0000BB">$val</font><font color="#007700">) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">dba_delete</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$val</font><font color="#007700">, </font><font color="#0000BB">$id</font><font color="#007700">);<br />}<br /><br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
    </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>目录</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-close.html"
>dba_close</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Close a DBA database</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-delete.html"
>dba_delete</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Delete DBA entry specified by key</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-exists.html"
>dba_exists</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Check whether key exists</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-fetch.html"
>dba_fetch</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Fetch data specified by key</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-firstkey.html"
>dba_firstkey</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Fetch first key</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-handlers.html"
>dba_handlers</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;List all the handlers available</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-insert.html"
>dba_insert</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Insert entry</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-key-split.html"
>dba_key_split</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;
   Splits a key in string representation into array representation
  </DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-list.html"
>dba_list</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;List all open database files</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-nextkey.html"
>dba_nextkey</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Fetch next key</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-open.html"
>dba_open</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Open database</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-optimize.html"
>dba_optimize</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Optimize database</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-popen.html"
>dba_popen</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Open database persistently</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-replace.html"
>dba_replace</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Replace or insert entry</DT
><DT
><A
HREF="function.dba-sync.html"
>dba_sync</A
>&nbsp;--&nbsp;Synchronize database</DT
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