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<title>PS2RASTER</title>
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<h1 align=center>PS2RASTER</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#NOTES">NOTES</a><br>
<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
<a href="#BINARY DATA">BINARY DATA</a><br>
<a href="#GHOSTSCRIPT OPTIONS">GHOSTSCRIPT OPTIONS</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<hr>
<a name="NAME"></a>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">ps2raster
− Converts one or several <i>PostScript</i> file(s) to
other formats using GhostScript</p>
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ps2raster</b>
<i>psfile(s)</i> [ <b>−A</b>[<b>u</b>|-] ] [
<b>−C</b><i>gs_option</i>] [
<b>−D</b><i>outdir</i> ] [
<b>−E</b><i>resolution</i> ] [
<b>−G</b><i>ghost_path</i> ] [
<b>−L</b><i>listfile</i>] [ <b>−P</b> ] [
<b>−Q</b>[<b>g</b>|<b>t</b>][1|2|4] ] [
<b>−S</b> ] [
<b>−Tb</b>|<b>e</b>|<b>f</b>|<b>j</b>|<b>g</b>|<b>G</b>|<b>m</b>|<b>t</b>
] [ <b>−V</b> ] [
<b>−W</b>[<b>+g</b>][<b>+t</b><i>docname</i>][<b>+n</b><i>layername</i>][<b>+a</b><i>altmode</i>[<i>alt</i>]][<b>+l</b><i>minLOD/maxLOD</i>][<b>+f</b><i>minfade/maxfade</i>][<b>+u</b><i>URL</i>]
]</p>
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ps2raster</b>
converts one or more <i>PostScript</i> files to other
formats (BMP, EPS, JPEG, PDF, PNG, PPM, TIFF) using
GhostScript. Input file names are read from the command line
or from a file that lists them. The size of the resulting
images is determined by the BoundingBox (or
HiResBoundingBox, if present). As an option, a tight
(HiRes)BoundingBox may be computed first. As another option,
it can compute ESRI type world files used to reference, for
instance, tif files and make them be recognized as geotiff.
<i><br>
psfiles</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Names of <i>PostScript</i>
files to be converted. The output files will have the same
name (unless <b>−F</b> is used) but with the
conventional extension name associated to the raster format
(e.g. .jpg for the jpeg format). Use <b>−D</b> to
redirect the output to a different directory.</p>
<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−A</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Adjust the
BoundingBox and HiResBoundingBox to the minimum required by
the image content. Append <b>u</b> to first remove any
GMT-produced time-stamps. Use <b>−A-</b> to override
any automatic setting of <b>−A</b> by
<b>−W</b>.</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−C</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Specify a single,
custom option that will be passed on to GhostScript as is.
Repeat to add several options [none].</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−D</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Sets an alternative
output directory (which must exist) [Default is the same
directory as the PS files]. Use <b>−D.</b> to place
the output in the current directory instead.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−E</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Set raster
resolution in dpi [default = 720 for PDF, 300 for
others].</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−F</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Force the output
file name. By default output names are constructed using the
input names as base, which are appended with an appropriate
extension. Use this option to provide a different name, but
without extension. Extension is still determined
automatically.</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−G</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Full path to your
GhostScript executable. NOTE: For Unix systems this is
generally not necessary. However, under Windows, GhostScript
is not added to the system’s path. So either you do it
yourself, or give the full path here. (e.g.,
<b>−G</b>c:\programs\gs\gs7.05\bin\gswin32c).</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−L</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">The <i>listfile</i>
is an ASCII file with the names of the <i>PostScript</i>
files to be converted.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−N</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">This option is
obsolete. Use <b>−S</b> to print the GhostScript
command, if applicable. Use <b>−Te</b> to save the
intermediate EPS file.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−P</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Force Portrait
mode. All Landscape mode plots will be rotated back so that
they show unrotated in Portrait mode. This is practical when
converting to image formats or preparing EPS or PDF plots
for inclusion in documents.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−Q</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Set the
anti-aliasing options for <b>g</b>raphics or <b>t</b>ext.
Append the size of the subsample box (1, 2, or 4) [4].
Default is no anti-aliasing (same as <i>bits</i> = 1).</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−S</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Print to standard
output the GhostScript command after it has been
executed.</p> </td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−T</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Sets the output
format, where <b>b</b> means BMP, <b>e</b> means EPS,
<b>f</b> means PDF, <b>j</b> means JPEG, <b>g</b> means PNG,
<b>G</b> means transparent PNG (untouched regions are
transparent), <b>m</b> means PPM, and <b>t</b> means TIFF
[default is JPEG]. For <b>bjgt</b> you can append - to get a
grayscale image only. The EPS format can be combined with
any of the other formats. For example, <b>−Tef</b>
creates both an EPS and a PDF file.</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−V</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Selects verbose
mode, which will send progress reports to stderr [Default
runs "silently"].</p></td>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="3%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top"><b>−W</b></p> </td>
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em" valign="top">Write a ESRI type
world file suitable to make (e.g) .tif files be recognized
as geotiff by softwares that know how to do it. Be aware,
however, that different results are obtained depending on
the image contents and if the <b>−B</b> option has
been used or not. The trouble with the <b>−B</b>
option is that it creates a frame and very likely its
annotations. That introduces pixels outside the map data
extent, and therefore the map extents estimation will be
wrong. To avoid this problem use --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside
option which plots all annotations and ticks inside the
image and therefore does not compromise the coordinate
computations. Pay attention also to the cases when the plot
has any of the sides with whites only because than the
algorithm will fail miserably as those whites will be eaten
by the GhostScript. In that case you really must use
<b>−B</b> or use a slightly off-white color.</p></td>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Together with <b>−V</b>
it prints on screen the gdal_translate (gdal_translate is a
command line tool from the GDAL package) command that reads
the raster + world file and creates a true geotiff file. Use
<b>−W+g</b> to do a system call to gdal_translate and
create a geoTIFF image right away. The output file will have
a .tiff extension. <br>
The world file naming follows the convention of jamming a
’w’ in the file extension. So, if output is tif
<b>−Tt</b> the world file is a .tfw, for jpeg we have
a .jgw and so on. This option automatically sets <b>−A
−P</b>. <br>
Use <b>−W+k</b> to create a minimalist KML file that
allows loading the image in GoogleEarth. Note that for this
option the image must be in geographical coordinates. If
not, a warning is issued but the KML file is created anyway.
Several modifier options are available to customize the KML
file in the form of <b>+</b><i>opt</i> strings. Append
<b>+t</b><i>title</i> to set the document title [GMT KML
Document], <b>+n</b><i>layername</i> to set the layer name,
and <b>+a</b><i>/altmode</i>[<i>altitude</i>] to select one
of 5 altitude modes recognized by Google Earth that
determines the altitude (in m) of the image: <b>G</b>
clamped to the ground, <b>g</b> append altitude relative to
ground, <b>a</b> append absolute altitude, <b>s</b> append
altitude relative to seafloor, and <b>S</b> clamp it to the
seafloor. Control visibility of the layer with the
<b>+l</b><i>minLOD/maxLOD</i> and
<b>+f</b><i>minfade/maxfade</i> options. FInally, if you
plan to leave the image itself on a server and only
distribute the KML, use <b>+u</b><i>URL</i> to prepend the
URL to the image reference. See the KML documentation for
further explanation
(http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/). <br>
Further notes on the creation of georeferenced rasters.
<b>ps2raster</b> can create a georeferenced raster image
with a world file OR uses GDAL to convert the GMT
<i>PostScript</i> file to geotiff. GDAL uses Proj.4 for
it’s projection library. To provide with the
information it needs to do the georeferencing, GMT 4.5
embeds a comment near the start of the <i>PostScript</i>
file defining the projection using Proj.4 syntax. Users with
pre-GMT v4.5 <i>PostScript</i> files, or even non-GMT ps
files, can provide the information <b>ps2raster</b> requires
by manually editing a line into the <i>PostScript</i> file,
prefixed with %%PROJ. <br>
For example the command <b>pscoast −JM0/12c
−R</b>-10/-4/37/43 <b>−W1 −Di
−Bg30m</b> --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > cara.ps <br>
adds this comment line <br>
%%PROJ: merc -10.0 -4.0 37.0 43.0 -1113194.908 -445277.963
4413389.889 5282821.824 +proj=merc +lon_0=0 +k=-1 +x_0=0
+y_0=0 +a=6378137.0 +b=6356752.314245 <br>
where ’merc’ is the keyword for the coordinate
conversion; the 2 to 5th elements contain the map limits, 6
to 9th the map limits in projected coordinates and the rest
of the line has the regular proj4 string for this
projection.</p>
<a name="NOTES"></a>
<h2>NOTES</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The conversion
to raster images (BMP, JPEG, PNG, PPM or TIFF) inherently
results in loss of details that are available in the
original <i>PostScript</i> file. Choose a resolution that is
large enough for the application that the image will be used
for. For web pages, smaller dpi values suffice, for Word
documents and PowerPoint presentations a higher dpi value is
recommended. <b>ps2raster</b> uses the loss-less Flate
compression technique when creating JPEG, PNG and TIFF
images.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">EPS is a
vector, not a raster format. Therefore, the <b>-E</b> option
has no effect on the creation of EPS files. Using the option
<b>−Te</b> will remove PageSize commands from the
<i>PostScript</i> file and will adjust the BoundingBox when
the <b>−A</b> option is used. Note the original and
required BoundingBox is limited to integer points, hence
Adobe added the optional HiResBoundingBox to add more
precision in sizing. The <b>−A</b> option calculates
both and writes both to the EPS file used in the
rasterization (and output if <b>−Te</b> is set).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Although PDF is
also a vector format, the <b>−E</b> option has an
effect on the resolution of pattern fills and fonts that are
stored as bitmaps in the document. <b>ps2raster</b>
therefore uses a larger default resolution when creating PDF
files. In order to obtain high-quality PDF files, the
<i>/prepress</i> options are in effect, allowing only
loss-less Flate compression of raster images embedded in the
<i>PostScript</i> file.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Although
<b>ps2raster</b> was developed as part of the <b><A HREF="GMT.html">GMT</A></b>, it
can be used to convert <i>PostScript</i> files created by
nearly any graphics program. However, <b>−Au</b> is
<b><A HREF="GMT.html">GMT</A></b>-specific.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">See Appendix C
of the <b>GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook</b> for more
information on how <b>ps2raster</b> is used to produce
graphics that can be inserted into other documents
(articles, presentations, posters, etc.).</p>
<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To convert the
file psfile.ps to PNG using a tight BoundingBox and rotating
it back to normal orientation in case it was in Landscape
mode:</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ps2raster</b>
psfile.ps <b>−A −P −Tg</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To create a
simple linear map with pscoast and convert it to tif with a
.tfw the tight BoundingBox computation.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>pscoast
−JX12cd −R</b>-10/-4/37/43 <b>−W1
−Di −Bg30m −P −G200</b>
--BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > cara.ps</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ps2raster</b>
cara <b>−Tt −W</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To create a
Mercator version of the above example and use GDAL to
produce a true geotiff file.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>pscoast
−JM0/12c −R</b>-10/-4/37/43 <b>−W1
−Di −Bg30m −P −G200</b>
--BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > cara.ps</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>gdalwarp</b>
-s_srs +proj=merc cara.tif carageo.tiff</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To create a
Polar Stereographic geotiff file of Patagonia</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">pscoast
-JS-55/-60/15c -R-77/-55/-57.5/-48r -Di -Gred -P -Bg2
--BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > patagonia.ps</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">ps2raster
patagonia.ps -Tt -W+g -V</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">To create a
simple KMZ file for use in Google Earth, try</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">grdimage
lonlatgrid.nc -Jx1 -Ccolors.cpt -P -B0g2
--BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > tile.ps</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">ps2raster
tile.ps -Tg -W+k+t"my title"+l256/-1 -V</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">(These commands
assume that GhostScript can be found in your system’s
path.)</p>
<a name="BINARY DATA"></a>
<h2>BINARY DATA</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b><A HREF="GMT.html">GMT</A></b>
programs can produce binary <i>PostScript</i> image data and
this is determined by the default setting PS_IMAGE_FORMAT.
Because <b>ps2raster</b> needs to process the input files on
a line-by-line basis you need to make sure the image format
is set to <i>ascii</i> and not <i>bin</i>.</p>
<a name="GHOSTSCRIPT OPTIONS"></a>
<h2>GHOSTSCRIPT OPTIONS</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Most of the
conversions done in <b>ps2raster</b> are handled by
GhostScript. On most Unixes this program is available as
<b>gs</b>; for Windows there is a version called
<b>gswin32c</b>. GhostScript accepts a rich selection of
command-line options that modify its behavior. Many of these
are set indirectly by the options available above. However,
hard-core usage may require some users to add additional
options to fine-tune the result. Use <b>−S</b> to
examine the actual command used, and add custom options via
one or more instances of the <b>−C</b> option. For
instance, to turn on image interpolation for all images,
improving image quality for scaled images at the expense of
speed, use <b>−C</b>-dDOINTERPOLATE. See
www.ghostscript.com for complete documentation.</p>
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i><A HREF="GMT.html">GMT</A></i>(1),
<i>gs</i>(1)</p>
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