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<H1><A NAME="SECTION0012160000000000000000"></A>
<A NAME="sec:escape"></A><A NAME="18405"></A>
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4.16 Character escape sequences
</H1>

<P>
For annotation labels or text strings plotted with <A NAME="tex2html1197"
  HREF="../man/pstext.html"><I><B>pstext</B></I></A><A NAME="19511"></A>,
<A NAME="tex2html1198"
  HREF="http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu"><B>GMT</B></A> provides several escape sequences that allow the user to
temporarily switch to the symbol font, turn on sub- or superscript,
etc., within words.  These conditions are toggled on/off by the
escape sequence @<B>x</B>, where <B>x</B> can be one of several types.
The escape sequences recognized in <A NAME="tex2html1199"
  HREF="http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu"><B>GMT</B></A> are listed in Table&nbsp;<A HREF="#tbl:escape">4.7</A>. 
Only one level of sub- or superscript is supported.
Note that under Windows the percent symbol indicates a batch variable,
hence you must use two percent-signs for each one required in the escape sequence for font switching.

<P>
<BR><P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="18447"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Table:</STRONG>
<A NAME="tex2html1193"
  HREF="http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu"><B>GMT</B></A> text escape sequences.</CAPTION>
<TR><TD>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=1><I>Code</I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER" COLSPAN=1><I>Effect</I></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@~</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Turns symbol font on or off</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@+</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Turns superscript on or off</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@-</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Turns subscript on or off</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@#</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Turns small caps on or off</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@_</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Turns underline on or off</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@%<I>fontno</I>%</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Switches to another font; @%% resets to previous font</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@:<I>size</I>:</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Switches to another font size; @:: resets to previous size</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@;<I>color</I>;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Switches to another font color; @;; resets to previous color</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@!</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Creates one composite character of the next two characters</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@@</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Prints the @ sign itself</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<A NAME="tbl:escape"></A></DIV></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV><P></P>
<BR>

<P>
Shorthand notation for a few special European characters has also been
added (Table&nbsp;<A HREF="#tbl:scand">4.8</A>):
<A NAME="18451"></A>
<A NAME="18452"></A>

<P>
<BR><P></P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="18467"></A>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION><STRONG>Table 4.8:</STRONG>
Shortcuts for some European characters.</CAPTION>
<TR><TD>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><I>Code</I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><I>Effect</I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><I>Code</I></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><I>Effect</I></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@E</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#198;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">@e</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#230;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@O</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#216;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">@o</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#248;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@A</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#197;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">@a</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#229;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@C</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#199;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">@c</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#231;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@N</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#209;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">@n</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#241;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@U</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#220;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">@u</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#252;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@s</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&#223;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<A NAME="tbl:scand"></A></DIV></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
</DIV><P></P>
<BR>

<P>
<I>PostScript</I> fonts used in <A NAME="tex2html1200"
  HREF="http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu"><B>GMT</B></A> may be re-encoded to include
several accented characters used in many European languages.  To
access these, you must specify the full octal code <IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="img79.png"
 ALT="$\backslash$">xxx
allowed for your choice of character encodings
determined by the <B>CHAR_ENCODING</B> setting described
in the <A NAME="tex2html1201"
  HREF="../man/gmtdefaults.html"><I><B>gmtdefaults</B></I></A><A NAME="19529"></A> man page.  Only the special characters
belonging to a particular encoding will
be available.  Many characters not directly available by
using single octal codes may be constructed with the composite
character mechanism @!.

<P>
Some examples of escape sequences and embedded octal codes in <A NAME="tex2html1202"
  HREF="http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu"><B>GMT</B></A> strings using the
Standard+ encoding: 

<P>
<PRE><TT>
		<code>2@~p@~r@+2@+h@-0@- E\363tv\363s</code> 		 = 		 2<IMG
 WIDTH="42" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="img80.png"
 ALT="$\pi r^2h_0$"> E&#246;tv&#246;s 
<BR><code>10@+-3 @Angstr@om</code> 		 = 		 10<IMG
 WIDTH="20" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="img81.png"
 ALT="$^{-3}$"> &#197;ngstr&#248;m 
<BR><code>Se@nor Gar@con</code> 		 = 		 Se&#241;or Gar&#231;on 
<BR><code>M@!\305anoa stra@se</code> 		 = 		 Manoa stra&#223;e 
<BR><code>A@\#cceleration@\# (ms@+-2@+)</code> 		 = 		 A<SMALL>CCELERATION (MS</SMALL>)</SMALL>
</TT></PRE> 

<P>
The option in <A NAME="tex2html1203"
  HREF="../man/pstext.html"><I><B>pstext</B></I></A><A NAME="19537"></A> to draw a rectangle surrounding the text
will not work for strings with escape sequences.  A chart of characters
and their octal codes is given in Appendix&nbsp;<A HREF="node201.html#app:F">F</A>. 

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<ADDRESS>
Paul Wessel
2010-07-14
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