<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.4.5" /> <title>git-whatchanged(1)</title> <style type="text/css"> /* Debug borders */ p, li, dt, dd, div, pre, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { /* border: 1px solid red; */ } body { margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%; } a { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; } a:visited { color: fuchsia; } em { font-style: italic; color: navy; } strong { font-weight: bold; color: #083194; } tt { color: navy; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: #527bbd; font-family: sans-serif; margin-top: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.3; } h1, h2, h3 { border-bottom: 2px solid silver; } h2 { padding-top: 0.5em; } h3 { float: left; } h3 + * { clear: left; } div.sectionbody { font-family: serif; margin-left: 0; } hr { border: 1px solid silver; } p { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } ul, ol, li > p { margin-top: 0; } pre { padding: 0; margin: 0; } span#author { color: #527bbd; font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; } span#email { } span#revnumber, span#revdate, span#revremark { font-family: sans-serif; } div#footer { font-family: sans-serif; font-size: small; border-top: 2px solid silver; padding-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 4.0em; } div#footer-text { float: left; padding-bottom: 0.5em; } div#footer-badges { float: right; padding-bottom: 0.5em; } div#preamble { margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; } div.tableblock, div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock, div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock, div.admonitionblock { margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; } div.admonitionblock { margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 2.5em; } div.content { /* Block element content. */ padding: 0; } /* Block element titles. */ div.title, caption.title { color: #527bbd; font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; margin-top: 1.0em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } div.title + * { margin-top: 0; } td div.title:first-child { margin-top: 0.0em; } div.content div.title:first-child { margin-top: 0.0em; } div.content + div.title { margin-top: 0.0em; } div.sidebarblock > div.content { background: #ffffee; border: 1px solid silver; padding: 0.5em; } div.listingblock > div.content { border: 1px solid silver; background: #f4f4f4; padding: 0.5em; } div.quoteblock { padding-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 10%; } div.quoteblock > div.attribution { padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: right; } div.verseblock { padding-left: 2.0em; margin-right: 10%; } div.verseblock > div.content { white-space: pre; } div.verseblock > div.attribution { padding-top: 0.75em; text-align: left; } /* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */ div.verseblock + div.attribution { text-align: left; } div.admonitionblock .icon { vertical-align: top; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; color: #527bbd; padding-right: 0.5em; } div.admonitionblock td.content { padding-left: 0.5em; border-left: 2px solid silver; } div.exampleblock > div.content { border-left: 2px solid silver; padding: 0.5em; } div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; } span.image img { border-style: none; } a.image:visited { color: white; } dl { margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; } dt { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0; font-style: normal; color: navy; } dd > *:first-child { margin-top: 0.1em; } ul, ol { list-style-position: outside; } ol.arabic { list-style-type: decimal; } ol.loweralpha { list-style-type: lower-alpha; } ol.upperalpha { list-style-type: upper-alpha; } ol.lowerroman { list-style-type: lower-roman; } ol.upperroman { list-style-type: upper-roman; } div.compact ul, div.compact ol, div.compact p, div.compact p, div.compact div, div.compact div { margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; } div.tableblock > table { border: 3px solid #527bbd; } thead { font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; } tfoot { font-weight: bold; } td > div.verse { white-space: pre; } p.table { margin-top: 0; } /* Because the table frame attribute is overriden by CSS in most browsers. */ div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] { border-style: none; } div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] { border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; } div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] { border-top-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; } div.hdlist { margin-top: 0.8em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; } div.hdlist tr { padding-bottom: 15px; } dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong { font-weight: bold; } td.hdlist1 { vertical-align: top; font-style: normal; padding-right: 0.8em; color: navy; } td.hdlist2 { vertical-align: top; } div.hdlist.compact tr { margin: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .comment { background: yellow; } @media print { div#footer-badges { display: none; } } div#toctitle { color: #527bbd; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1.0em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; } div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } div.toclevel2 { margin-left: 2em; font-size: 0.9em; } div.toclevel3 { margin-left: 4em; font-size: 0.9em; } div.toclevel4 { margin-left: 6em; font-size: 0.9em; } /* Overrides for manpage documents */ h1 { padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em; border-top: 2px solid silver; border-bottom: 2px solid silver; } h2 { border-style: none; } div.sectionbody { margin-left: 5%; } @media print { div#toc { display: none; } } /* Workarounds for IE6's broken and incomplete CSS2. */ div.sidebar-content { background: #ffffee; border: 1px solid silver; padding: 0.5em; } div.sidebar-title, div.image-title { color: #527bbd; font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0.0em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } div.listingblock div.content { border: 1px solid silver; background: #f4f4f4; padding: 0.5em; } div.quoteblock-attribution { padding-top: 0.5em; text-align: right; } div.verseblock-content { white-space: pre; } div.verseblock-attribution { padding-top: 0.75em; text-align: left; } div.exampleblock-content { border-left: 2px solid silver; padding-left: 0.5em; } /* IE6 sets dynamically generated links as visited. */ div#toc a:visited { color: blue; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="header"> <h1> git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page </h1> <h2>NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>git-whatchanged - Show logs with difference each commit introduces </p> </div> </div> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git whatchanged</em> <option>…</p></div> </div> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to <em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of these commands.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div> </div> <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> -p </dt> <dd> <p> Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff output format that is useful only to tell the changed paths and their nature of changes. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> -<n> </dt> <dd> <p> Limit output to <n> commits. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> <since>..<until> </dt> <dd> <p> Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom exclusive, top inclusive). </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> -r </dt> <dd> <p> Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, not just the top level. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> -m </dt> <dd> <p> By default, differences for merge commits are not shown. With this flag, show differences to that commit from all of its parents. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it <strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --pretty[=<format>] </dt> <dt class="hdlist1"> --format=<format> </dt> <dd> <p> Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format, where <em><format></em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>, <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:<string></em>. See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each format. When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --abbrev-commit </dt> <dd> <p> Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name, show only a partial prefix. Non default number of digits can be specified with "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies diff output, if it is displayed). </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for people using 80-column terminals.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --oneline </dt> <dd> <p> This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit" used together. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --encoding[=<encoding>] </dt> <dd> <p> The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this defaults to UTF-8. </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --no-notes </dt> <dt class="hdlist1"> --show-notes[=<ref>] </dt> <dd> <p> Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default for <tt>git log</tt>, <tt>git show</tt> and <tt>git whatchanged</tt> commands when there is no <tt>--pretty</tt>, <tt>--format</tt> nor <tt>--oneline</tt> option is given on the command line. </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional argument, add this ref to the list of notes. The ref is taken to be in <tt>refs/notes/</tt> if it is not qualified.</p></div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> --[no-]standard-notes </dt> <dd> <p> Enable or disable populating the notes ref list from the <em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or corresponding environment overrides). Enabled by default. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. </p> </dd> </dl></div> </div> <h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed, separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you have limited your view of history: for example, if you are only interested in changes related to a certain directory or file.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define additional formats by setting a pretty.<name> config option to either another format name, or a <em>format:</em> string, as described below (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the built-in formats:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> <em>oneline</em> </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><sha1> <title line></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>short</em> </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>commit <sha1> Author: <author></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>medium</em> </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>commit <sha1> Author: <author> Date: <author date></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>full</em> </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>commit <sha1> Author: <author> Commit: <committer></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>fuller</em> </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>commit <sha1> Author: <author> AuthorDate: <author date> Commit: <committer> CommitDate: <committer date></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>email</em> </p> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>From <sha1> <date> From: <author> Date: <author date> Subject: [PATCH] <title line></tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="literalblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> </div></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>raw</em> </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or --no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history simplification into account.</p></div> </li> <li> <p> <em>format:<string></em> </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:<string></em> format allows you to specify which information you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format, with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em> instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"</em> would show something like this:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<</tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> <em>%H</em>: commit hash </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%T</em>: tree hash </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%P</em>: parent hashes </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%an</em>: author name </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>) </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ae</em>: author email </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>) </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option) </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ar</em>: author date, relative </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%cn</em>: committer name </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>) </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ce</em>: committer email </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>) </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%cd</em>: committer date </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%e</em>: encoding </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%s</em>: subject </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%b</em>: body </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body) </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%N</em>: commit notes </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <tt>refs/stash@{1}</tt> </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <tt>stash@{1}</tt> </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%gs</em>: reflog subject </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%Creset</em>: reset color </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%C(…)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%n</em>: newline </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em> </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code </p> </li> <li> <p> <em>%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>. </p> </li> </ul></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="admonitionblock"> <table><tr> <td class="icon"> <div class="title">Note</div> </td> <td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the revision traversal engine. For example, the <tt>%g*</tt> reflog options will insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by <tt>git log -g</tt>). The <tt>%d</tt> placeholder will use the "short" decoration format if <tt>--decorate</tt> was not already provided on the command line.</td> </tr></table> </div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>+</tt> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>-</tt> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div> <div class="ulist"><ul> <li> <p> <em>tformat:</em> </p> <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries. This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does. For example:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \ | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/' 4da45be 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \ | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/' 4da45be 7134973</tt></pre> </div></div> <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <tt>%</tt> in it is interpreted as if it has <tt>tformat:</tt> in front of it. For example, these two are equivalent:</p></div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</tt></pre> </div></div> </li> </ul></div> </div> <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="dlist"><dl> <dt class="hdlist1"> git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi </dt> <dd> <p> Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories </p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"> git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk </dt> <dd> <p> Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>. The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named <em>gitk</em> </p> </dd> </dl></div> </div> <h2 id="_author">Author</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Written by Linus Torvalds <<a href="mailto:torvalds@osdl.org">torvalds@osdl.org</a>> and Junio C Hamano <<a href="mailto:gitster@pobox.com">gitster@pobox.com</a>></p></div> </div> <h2 id="_documentation">Documentation</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <<a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a>>.</p></div> </div> <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> Last updated 2010-12-16 02:52:11 UTC </div> </div> </body> </html>