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class lookup scheme</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="element_classes.html#implementing-namespaces">Implementing namespaces</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="sax"><li class="menu title"><a href="sax.html">Sax support</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="sax.html#building-a-tree-from-sax-events">Building a tree from SAX events</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="sax.html#producing-sax-events-from-an-elementtree-or-element">Producing SAX events from an ElementTree or Element</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="sax.html#interfacing-with-pulldom-minidom">Interfacing with pulldom/minidom</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="capi"><li class="menu title"><a href="capi.html">The public C-API of lxml.etree</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="capi.html#writing-external-modules-in-cython">Writing external modules in Cython</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="capi.html#writing-external-modules-in-c">Writing external modules in C</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul id="Developing lxml"><li><span class="section title">Developing lxml</span><ul class="menu current" id="build"><li class="menu title"><a href="build.html">How to build lxml from source</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#cython">Cython</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#subversion">Subversion</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#setuptools">Setuptools</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#running-the-tests-and-reporting-errors">Running the tests and reporting errors</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#contributing-an-egg">Contributing an egg</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#providing-newer-library-versions-on-mac-os-x">Providing newer library versions on Mac-OS X</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#static-linking-on-windows">Static linking on Windows</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="build.html#building-debian-packages-from-svn-sources">Building Debian packages from SVN sources</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="lxml source howto"><li class="menu title"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html">How to read the source of lxml</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#what-is-cython?">What is Cython?</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#where-to-start?">Where to start?</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-etree">lxml.etree</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#python-modules">Python modules</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-objectify">lxml.objectify</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-pyclasslookup">lxml.pyclasslookup</a></li><li class="menu item"><a href="lxml-source-howto.html#lxml-html">lxml.html</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="changes 2 0 11"><li class="menu title"><a href="changes-2.0.11.html">Release Changelog</a></li></ul><ul class="menu foreign" id="credits"><li class="menu title"><a href="credits.html">Credits</a><ul class="submenu"><li class="menu item"><a href="credits.html#special-thanks-goes-to:">Special thanks goes to:</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div><h1 class="title">How to build lxml from source</h1>
<p>To build lxml from source, you need libxml2 and libxslt properly installed,
<em>including the header files</em>. These are likely shipped in separate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-dev</span></tt>
or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-devel</span></tt> packages like <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libxml2-dev</span></tt>, which you need to install. The
build process also requires <a class="reference" href="http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools">setuptools</a>. The lxml source distribution comes
with a script called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ez_setup.py</span></tt> that can be used to install them.</p>
<div class="contents topic">
<p class="topic-title first"><a id="contents" name="contents">Contents</a></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="#cython" id="id3" name="id3">Cython</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#subversion" id="id4" name="id4">Subversion</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#id2" id="id5" name="id5">Setuptools</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#running-the-tests-and-reporting-errors" id="id6" name="id6">Running the tests and reporting errors</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#contributing-an-egg" id="id7" name="id7">Contributing an egg</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#providing-newer-library-versions-on-mac-os-x" id="id8" name="id8">Providing newer library versions on Mac-OS X</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#static-linking-on-windows" id="id9" name="id9">Static linking on Windows</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#building-debian-packages-from-svn-sources" id="id10" name="id10">Building Debian packages from SVN sources</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="cython" name="cython">Cython</a></h1>
<p>The lxml.etree and lxml.objectify modules are written in <a class="reference" href="http://www.cython.org">Cython</a>.
Since we distribute the Cython-generated .c files with lxml releases,
however, you do not need Cython to build lxml from the normal release
sources. We even encourage you to <em>not install Cython</em> for a normal
release build, as the generated C code can vary quite heavily between
Cython versions, which may or may not generate correct code for lxml.
The pre-generated release sources were tested and therefore are known
to work.</p>
<p>So, if you want a reliable build of lxml, we suggest to a) use a
source release of lxml and b) disable or uninstall Cython for the
build.</p>
<p><em>Only</em> if you are interested in building lxml from a Subversion
checkout (e.g. to test a bug fix that has not been release yet) or if
want to be an lxml developer, then you do need a working Cython
installation. You can use <a class="reference" href="http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall">EasyInstall</a> to install it:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
easy_install Cython==0.9.6.12
</pre>
<p>lxml currently requires Cython 0.9.6.11b or 0.9.6.12, later versions
were not tested.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="subversion" name="subversion">Subversion</a></h1>
<p>The lxml package is developed in a Subversion repository. You can retrieve
the current developer version by calling:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
svn co http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml/trunk lxml
</pre>
<p>This will create a directory <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml</span></tt> and download the source into it. You
can also <a class="reference" href="http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml">browse the repository through the web</a> or use your favourite SVN
client to access it.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="id2" name="id2">Setuptools</a></h1>
<p>Usually, building lxml is done through setuptools. Do a Subversion checkout
(or download the source tar-ball and unpack it) and then type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py build
</pre>
<p>or:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py bdist_egg
</pre>
<p>If you want to test lxml from the source directory, it is better to build it
in-place like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py build_ext -i
</pre>
<p>or, in Unix-like environments:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
make
</pre>
<p>If you get errors about missing header files (e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libxml/xmlversion.h</span></tt>)
then you need to make sure the development packages of both libxml2
and libxslt are properly installed. Try passing the following option to
setup.py to make sure the right config is found:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py build --with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config
</pre>
<p>If this doesn't help, you may have to add the location of the header
files to the include path like:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py build_ext -i -I /usr/include/libxml2
</pre>
<p>where the file is in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/include/libxml2/libxml/xmlversion.h</span></tt></p>
<p>To use lxml.etree in-place, you can place lxml's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">src</span></tt> directory on your
Python module search path (PYTHONPATH) and then import <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml.etree</span></tt> to play
with it:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# cd lxml
# PYTHONPATH=src python
Python 2.5.1
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from lxml import etree
>>>
</pre>
<p>To recompile after changes, note that you may have to run <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">clean</span></tt> or
delete the file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">src/lxml/etree.c</span></tt>. Distutils do not automatically pick up
changes that affect files other than the main file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">src/lxml/etree.pyx</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="running-the-tests-and-reporting-errors" name="running-the-tests-and-reporting-errors">Running the tests and reporting errors</a></h1>
<p>The source distribution (tgz) and the Subversion repository contain a test
suite for lxml. You can run it from the top-level directory:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python test.py
</pre>
<p>Note that the test script only tests the in-place build (see distutils
building above), as it searches the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">src</span></tt> directory. You can use the
following one-step command to trigger an in-place build and test it:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
make test
</pre>
<p>This also runs the ElementTree and cElementTree compatibility tests. To call
them separately, make sure you have lxml on your PYTHONPATH first, then run:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python selftest.py
</pre>
<p>and:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python selftest2.py
</pre>
<p>If the tests give failures, errors, or worse, segmentation faults, we'd really
like to know. Please contact us on the <a class="reference" href="http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/lxml-dev">mailing list</a>, and please specify
the version of lxml, libxml2, libxslt and Python you were using, as well as
your operating system type (Linux, Windows, MacOs, ...).</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="contributing-an-egg" name="contributing-an-egg">Contributing an egg</a></h1>
<p>This is the procedure to make an lxml egg for your platform:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Download the lxml-x.y.tar.gz release. This contains the pregenerated C so
that you can be sure you build exactly from the release sources. Unpack
them and cd into the resulting directory.</li>
<li>python setup.py build</li>
<li>If you're on a unixy platform, cd into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">build/lib.your.platform</span></tt> and strip
any <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.so</span></tt> file you find there. This reduces the size of the egg
considerably.</li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">setup.py</span> <span class="pre">bdist_egg</span> <span class="pre">upload</span></tt></li>
</ul>
<p>The last 'upload' step only works if you have access to the lxml cheeseshop
entry. If not, you can just make an egg with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bdist_egg</span></tt> and mail it to the
lxml maintainer.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="providing-newer-library-versions-on-mac-os-x" name="providing-newer-library-versions-on-mac-os-x">Providing newer library versions on Mac-OS X</a></h1>
<p>The Unix environment in Mac-OS X makes it relatively easy to install
Unix/Linux style package management tools and new software. However, it seems
to be hard to get libraries set up for exclusive usage that Mac-OS X ships in
an older version. The result can be segfaults on this platform that are hard
to track down.</p>
<p>To make sure the newer libxml2 and libxslt versions (e.g. those
provided by fink or macports) are used at <em>build time</em>, you must take
care that the script <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xslt-config</span></tt> is found from the newly installed
version when running the build setup. The system libraries also
provide this script, but the new one must come first in the PATH. The
best way to make sure the right version is used is by passing the path
to the script as an option to setup.py:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py build --with-xslt-config=/path/to/xslt-config \
--with-xml2-config=/path/to/xml2-config
</pre>
<p>To make sure the newer libxml2 and libxslt versions are used at
<em>runtime</em>, you should add <em>all</em> directories where the newer libraries
are installed (i.e. libxml2, libxslt and libexslt) to the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></tt> environment variable when you use lxml (i.e. not
only at build time). This seems to fix a lot of problems for users.</p>
<p>Please read this thread about <a class="reference" href="http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.lxml.devel/3290/focus=3290">experiences with MacOS-X</a> if you
encounter problems. It also has a <a class="reference" href="http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.lxml.devel/3290/focus=3297">buildout for lxml</a> that you can
use.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="static-linking-on-windows" name="static-linking-on-windows">Static linking on Windows</a></h1>
<p>Most operating systems have proper package management that makes installing
current versions of libxml2 and libxslt easy. The most famous exception is
Microsoft Windows, which entirely lacks these capabilities. It can therefore
be interesting to statically link the external libraries into lxml.etree to
avoid having to install them separately.</p>
<p>Download lxml and all required libraries to the same directory. The iconv,
libxml2, libxslt, and zlib libraries are all available from the ftp site
<a class="reference" href="ftp://ftp.zlatkovic.com/pub/libxml/">ftp://ftp.zlatkovic.com/pub/libxml/</a>.</p>
<p>Your directory should now have the following files in it (although most likely
different versions):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
iconv-1.9.1.win32.zip
libxml2-2.6.23.win32.zip
libxslt-1.1.15.win32.zip
lxml-1.0.0.tgz
zlib-1.2.3.win32.zip
</pre>
<p>Now extract each of those files in the <em>same</em> directory. This should give you
something like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
iconv-1.9.1.win32/
iconv-1.9.1.win32.zip
libxml2-2.6.23.win32/
libxml2-2.6.23.win32.zip
libxslt-1.1.15.win32/
libxslt-1.1.15.win32.zip
lxml-1.0.0/
lxml-1.0.0.tgz
zlib-1.2.3.win32/
zlib-1.2.3.win32.zip
</pre>
<p>Go to the lxml directory and edit the file <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></tt>. There should
be a section near the top that looks like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
STATIC_INCLUDE_DIRS = []
STATIC_LIBRARY_DIRS = []
STATIC_CFLAGS = []
</pre>
<p>Change this section to something like this, but take care to use the correct
version numbers:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
STATIC_INCLUDE_DIRS = [
"..\\libxml2-2.6.23.win32\\include",
"..\\libxslt-1.1.15.win32\\include",
"..\\zlib-1.2.3.win32\\include",
"..\\iconv-1.9.1.win32\\include"
]
STATIC_LIBRARY_DIRS = [
"..\\libxml2-2.6.23.win32\\lib",
"..\\libxslt-1.1.15.win32\\lib",
"..\\zlib-1.2.3.win32\\lib",
"..\\iconv-1.9.1.win32\\lib"
]
STATIC_CFLAGS = []
</pre>
<p>Add any CFLAGS you might consider useful to the third list. As <a class="reference" href="http://codespeak.net/pipermail/lxml-dev/2006-September/001893.html">Ashish
Kulkarni</a> notes, you might have to add the standard Windows library
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">wsock32.dll</span></tt> to the list of libraries to make <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lxml.objectify</span></tt> compile.</p>
<p>Now you should be able to pass the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--static</span></tt> option to setup.py and
everything should work well. Try calling:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
python setup.py bdist_wininst --static
</pre>
<p>This will create a windows installer in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pkg</span></tt> directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="building-debian-packages-from-svn-sources" name="building-debian-packages-from-svn-sources">Building Debian packages from SVN sources</a></h1>
<p><a class="reference" href="http://codespeak.net/pipermail/lxml-dev/2006-May/001254.html">Andreas Pakulat</a> proposed the following approach.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> <span class="pre">source</span> <span class="pre">lxml</span></tt></li>
<li>remove the unpacked directory</li>
<li>tar.gz the lxml SVN version and replace the orig.tar.gz that lies in the
directory</li>
<li>check md5sum of created tar.gz file and place new sum and size in dsc file</li>
<li>do <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dpkg-source</span> <span class="pre">-x</span> <span class="pre">lxml-[VERSION].dsc</span></tt> and cd into the newly created directory</li>
<li>run <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dch</span> <span class="pre">-i</span></tt> and add a comment like "use trunk version", this will
increase the debian version number so apt/dpkg won't get confused</li>
<li>run <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dpkg-buildpackage</span> <span class="pre">-rfakeroot</span> <span class="pre">-us</span> <span class="pre">-uc</span></tt> to build the package</li>
</ul>
<p>In case <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dpkg-buildpackage</span></tt> tells you that some dependecies are missing, you
can either install them manually or run <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">apt-get</span> <span class="pre">build-dep</span> <span class="pre">lxml</span></tt>.</p>
<p>That will give you .deb packages in the parent directory which can be
installed using <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dpkg</span> <span class="pre">-i</span></tt>.</p>
</div>
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